近几年工业化发展步伐日渐加快，企业生产过程中产生的危险废物种类不断增多，如何安全高效地管理这些危废已成为企业亟待解决的难题。危废暂存间作为危废管理流程中的关键一环，其科学规划与严格管理直接关系到企业的生产安全与环境保护。因此，我们必须重视危废暂存间的规划工作，确保其既符合安全标准，又能提高存储效率，为企业的可持续发展保驾护航。

　　In recent years, the pace of industrialization has been accelerating, and the types of hazardous waste generated in the production process of enterprises have been increasing. How to manage these hazardous wastes safely and efficiently has become an urgent problem for enterprises to solve. As a key part of the hazardous waste management process, the scientific planning and strict management of the hazardous waste temporary storage room are directly related to the production safety and environmental protection of the enterprise. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the planning of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, ensuring that they meet safety standards while improving storage efficiency, and safeguarding the sustainable development of enterprises.

　　01明确危废种类与特性-做好分区

　　01 Clarify the types and characteristics of hazardous waste - do a good job in zoning

　　守护蓝天碧水·从重视危废贮存开始

　　Guarding Blue Sky and Clear Water: Starting from Valuing Hazardous Waste Storage

　　在规划危废暂存间之前，企业应对自身产生的危废进行全面剖析，应根据危险废物的类别、数量、形态、物理化学性质和污染防治等要求设置必要的贮存分区，避免不相容的危险废物接触、混合。

　　Before planning the temporary storage room for hazardous waste, enterprises should conduct a comprehensive analysis of the hazardous waste they generate. Necessary storage zones should be set up according to the types, quantities, forms, physical and chemical properties, and pollution prevention requirements of hazardous waste to avoid contact and mixing of incompatible hazardous waste.

　　贮存库内不同贮存分区之间应采取隔离措施，隔离措施可根据危险废物特性采用过道、隔板或隔墙等方式分开贮存。每个区域还应设置相应的隔离措施和警示标识，同时，考虑到危废的转运效率，暂存间应设有合理的进出通道，确保危废能够快速、安全地进出。

　　Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse. Isolation measures can be used to separate storage according to the characteristics of hazardous waste, such as corridors, partitions, or walls. Each area should also be equipped with corresponding isolation measures and warning signs. At the same time, considering the efficiency of hazardous waste transportation, the temporary storage room should have reasonable access channels to ensure that hazardous waste can enter and exit quickly and safely.

　　02配备专业设施与设备—严格做好六防要求

　　02 Equipped with professional facilities and equipment - strictly adhere to the six prevention requirements

　　越华润华：危化品、危险废物存贮专家

　　Yuehua Runhua: Expert in Hazardous Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Storage

　　贮存设施应采取必要的防风、防晒、防雨、防漏、防渗、防腐以及其他环境污染防治措施，不应露天堆放危险废物。

　　Storage facilities should take necessary measures to prevent wind, sun, rain, leakage, seepage, corrosion, and other environmental pollution. Hazardous waste should not be stored outdoors.

　　1、贮存设施或贮存分区内地面、墙面裙脚、堵截泄漏的围堰、接触危险废物的隔板和墙体等应采用坚固的材料建造，表面无裂缝。

　　1. Storage facilities or storage zones should be constructed of sturdy materials with no cracks on the surface, including ground, wall skirts, containment enclosures, partitions, and walls that come into contact with hazardous waste.

　　2、表面防渗——主要针对地面和裙角，表面防渗材料应与所接触的物料或污染物相容，可采用抗渗混凝土、高密度聚乙烯膜、钠基膨润土防水毯或其他防渗性能等效的材料。

　　2. Surface anti-seepage - mainly for the ground and skirt corners, the surface anti-seepage material should be compatible with the materials or pollutants it comes into contact with, and can be made of anti-seepage concrete, high-density polyethylene film, sodium based bentonite waterproof blanket or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　3、基础防渗——在常温常压下不易水解、不易挥发的固态危险废物可分类堆放贮存，也就是将贮存的危险废物直接接触地面，在这种情况下，应采取基础防渗，防渗层为至少1m厚黏土层（渗透系数不大于10-7 cm/s），或至少2 mm 厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防渗材料（渗透系数不大于10-10 cm/s），或其他防渗性能等效的材料。

　　3. Basic anti-seepage - Solid hazardous waste that is not easily hydrolyzed or volatile at room temperature and pressure can be classified and stored, which means that the stored hazardous waste is directly in contact with the ground. In this case, basic anti-seepage should be adopted, with a anti-seepage layer of at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-7 cm/s), or at least 2mm thick high-density polyethylene film or other artificial anti-seepage materials (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10 cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　4、防渗、防腐材料应覆盖所有可能与废物及其渗滤液、渗漏液等接触的构筑物表面；采用不同防渗、防腐工艺应分别建设贮存分区。

　　4. The anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials should cover all surfaces of structures that may come into contact with waste, leachate, and other substances; Different anti-seepage and anti-corrosion processes should be used to construct storage zones separately.

　　5、贮存设施设置有门、有锁、有专人看管钥匙，防止无关人员进入。

　　5. The storage facilities are equipped with doors, locks, and dedicated personnel to guard the keys to prevent unauthorized personnel from entering.

　　03贮存设施的建设—贮存方式

　　Construction of Storage Facilities - Storage Methods

　　越华润华：危化品、危险废物存贮专家

　　Yuehua Runhua: Expert in Hazardous Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Storage

　　1、常温常压下不易水解、不易挥发的固态危险废物可分类堆放贮存，若直接接触地面除表面防渗外应做基础防渗。

　　1. Solid hazardous waste that is not easily hydrolyzed or volatile under normal temperature and pressure can be classified and stored. If it comes into direct contact with the ground, in addition to surface anti-seepage, basic anti-seepage measures should be taken.

　　2、其他固态、半固态危险废物应装入容器或包装物内贮存，液态危险废物应装入容器内贮存。

　　2. Other solid and semi-solid hazardous wastes should be stored in containers or packaging materials, while liquid hazardous wastes should be stored in containers.

　　3、具有热塑性的危险废物应装入容器或包装袋内进行贮存。（热塑性——物质在加热时能发生流动变形，冷却后可以保持一定形状的性质。）

　　3. Hazardous waste with thermoplastic properties should be stored in containers or packaging bags. (Thermoplasticity - the property of a substance that can undergo flow deformation when heated and maintain a certain shape after cooling.)

　　4、易产生粉尘、VOCs、酸雾、有毒有害大气污染物和刺激性气味气体的危险废物应装入闭口容器或包装物内贮存。

　　4. Easy to generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste such as acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be stored in closed containers or packaging materials.

　　04贮存设施的建设—污染防控

　　Construction of Storage Facilities - Pollution Prevention and Control

　　越华润华：危化品、危险废物存贮专家

　　Yuehua Runhua: Expert in Hazardous Chemicals and Hazardous Waste Storage

　　1、在贮存库内或通过贮存分区方式贮存液态危险废物的，应具有液体泄漏堵截设施，堵截设施最小容积不应低于对应贮存区域最大液态废物容器容积或液态废物总储量1/10（较大者）。

　　1. If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity of the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger).

　　2、用于贮存可能产生渗滤液的危险废物的贮存库或贮存分区应设计渗滤液收集设施，收集设施容积应满足渗滤液的收集要求。（原标准笼统规定所有危险废物贮存仓库都要设计泄漏液体收集装置，新标准明确了用于贮存可能产生渗滤液的危险废物时，才需要设计渗滤液收集设施，并非所有贮存液态危险废物的设施都需要设计液体收集设施。）

　　2. Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection. (The original standard generally stipulated that all hazardous waste storage warehouses must be designed with leakage liquid collection devices. The new standard clarifies that only when storing hazardous waste that may produce leachate, is it necessary to design leachate collection facilities. Not all facilities storing liquid hazardous waste need to be designed with liquid collection facilities.)

　　3、贮存易产生粉尘、VOCs、酸雾、有毒有害大气污染物和刺激性气味气体的危险废物贮存库，应设置气体收集装置和气体净化设施；气体净化设施的排气筒高度应符合GB 16297 要求（一般不低于15米）。（原标准笼统规定所有危险废物贮存仓库都要设计气体导出口和气体净化装置。）

　　3. Storage can easily generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste storage facilities for acid mist, toxic and harmful atmospheric pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities; The height of the exhaust pipe of gas purification facilities should comply with the requirements of GB 16297 (generally not less than 15 meters). (The original standard generally stipulated that all hazardous waste storage warehouses must be designed with gas outlets and gas purification devices.)

　　4、危险废物贮存过程中易产生粉尘等无组织排放的，应采取抑尘等有效措施。

　　4. Effective measures such as dust suppression should be taken for unorganized emissions that are prone to occur during the storage of hazardous waste.

　　5、贮存场应设置径流疏导系统，保证能防止当地重现期不小于25年的暴雨流入贮存区域，并采取措施防止雨水冲淋危险废物，避免增加渗滤液量。贮存场可整体或分区设计液体导流和收集设施，收集设施容积应保证在最不利条件下可以容纳对应贮存区域产生的渗滤液、废水等液态物质。

　　5. The storage yard shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to prevent the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years from flowing into the storage area, and measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste and increasing the amount of leachate. The storage area can be designed with liquid diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones, and the volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions.

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