笔者到企业走访，发现一些企业尤其是化工企业，危废暂存间或多或少都存在一些不规范问题。主要包括危险废物包装容器或包装物上不贴标签、室内不做防渗处理、没有导流槽、门上标识错误、缺少二维码等。那么，一个合格的危废暂存间到底应该长啥样？根据国家标准要求，笔者结合自身工作经验，整理出以下几点。

　　The author visited some enterprises and found that there are more or less non-standard problems in the hazardous waste temporary storage rooms, especially in chemical enterprises. Mainly including failure to label hazardous waste packaging containers or materials, lack of anti-seepage treatment indoors, absence of diversion channels, incorrect labeling on doors, and absence of QR codes. So, what should a qualified hazardous waste storage room look like? According to national standards, the author has compiled the following points based on their own work experience.

　　首先，企业危险废物暂存间须满足国家《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》（GB 18597-2023）的要求，做到安全贮存、防止污染。

　　Firstly, the temporary storage room for hazardous waste in enterprises must meet the requirements of the national "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023), ensuring safe storage and preventing pollution.

　　其次，一个合格的企业危险废物暂存间是专门用于贮存危险废物的独立封闭建筑或围闭场所，建设符合环评要求。因此，有的企业用简陋的、不具备防风和防雨功能的房间作为危废暂存间，是不符合要求的，危废暂存间应具备防风、防雨、防晒等功能。有的企业把危险废物与原料或产品混放，也不符合要求。

　　Secondly, a qualified enterprise hazardous waste temporary storage room is an independent enclosed building or enclosure specifically designed for storing hazardous waste, constructed in accordance with environmental impact assessment requirements. Therefore, some companies use rudimentary rooms without wind and rain protection functions as hazardous waste storage rooms, which do not meet the requirements. Hazardous waste storage rooms should have wind, rain, sun protection and other functions. Some companies mix hazardous waste with raw materials or products, which does not meet the requirements.

　　危废暂存间的地面和至少1.2米高的墙面要做硬化及防渗处理。如果贮存酸碱等腐蚀性废物，还应做防腐处理。危废暂存间的门口地面要高于室内，设围堰或门槛，防止废液外流。地面设置泄漏液体导流槽，收集并导入收集池。贮存易燃易爆品时，电气设施需防爆。贮存产生粉尘、有毒有害气体的废物时，应设置气体收集和净化装置。不同类别、特性的危险废物要分区存放，并有明显的分区标志，分区之间可通过隔板、隔墙等方式进行隔离。

　　The floor and at least 1.2-meter-high wall of the hazardous waste temporary storage room should be hardened and treated with anti-seepage measures. If storing corrosive waste such as acid and alkali, anti-corrosion treatment should also be carried out. The ground level at the entrance of the hazardous waste temporary storage room should be higher than indoors, and a cofferdam or threshold should be set up to prevent the outflow of waste liquid. Set up a leakage liquid diversion channel on the ground, collect and introduce it into the collection pool. When storing flammable and explosive materials, electrical facilities must be explosion-proof. When storing waste that generates dust and toxic gases, gas collection and purification devices should be installed. Hazardous waste of different categories and characteristics should be stored in separate areas with clear zoning signs, and partitions can be used to isolate them.

　　三是每个危废容器或包装物上都要有危险废物标签。2023年7月1日起执行的《危险废物识别标志设置技术规范》（HJ 1276-2022）明确规定，危险废物标签要填写清楚废物名称、代码、主要成分、危险特性、产生日期、重量、产生单位及联系方式等，并对应设置二维码，实现“一物一码”。

　　Thirdly, each hazardous waste container or packaging material must have a hazardous waste label. The "Technical Specification for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Identification Marks" (HJ 1276-2022), which will be implemented from July 1, 2023, stipulates that hazardous waste labels must clearly fill in the waste name, code, main components, hazardous characteristics, production date, weight, production unit, and contact information, and correspondingly set up a QR code to achieve "one material, one code".

　　四是在危废暂存间入口处的醒目位置标明该设施是危废暂存间，如新警示图形“枯树和鱼”标志，还要标明单位名称和联系电话等。

　　The fourth is to prominently indicate at the entrance of the hazardous waste temporary storage room that the facility is a hazardous waste temporary storage room, such as the new warning graphic "withered trees and fish" sign, and also indicate the name and contact phone number of the unit.

　　五是危险废物包装容器必须使用完好的袋、桶等容器密封包装。产生异味或挥发性气体的废物，必须密闭包装。

　　Fifthly, hazardous waste packaging containers must be sealed with intact bags, barrels, and other containers. Waste that produces odors or volatile gases must be packaged tightly.

　　六是危废暂存间要明确专人管理，并有危废管理制度。建立完善的危废台账，配备电子磅等，记录危废入库、出库、种类、数量等信息，确保可追溯。危废转移实行五联单制度。按照国家有关规定编制突发环境事件应急预案，定期开展环境应急演练。

　　Sixth, the hazardous waste temporary storage room should be managed by a dedicated person and have a hazardous waste management system in place. Establish a comprehensive hazardous waste ledger, equipped with electronic scales, etc., to record information on hazardous waste entering, leaving, types, quantities, etc., ensuring traceability. The transfer of hazardous waste shall be carried out under the five form system. Develop emergency plans for sudden environmental incidents in accordance with relevant national regulations and conduct regular environmental emergency drills.

　　根据贮存危废的特性，危废暂存间还要配备必要的消防器材、泄漏应急处理等应急物资，如沙土、吸附棉、收集桶和个人防护装备手套、护目镜等。

　　According to the characteristics of storing hazardous waste, the temporary storage room for hazardous waste should also be equipped with necessary fire-fighting equipment, emergency response materials for leaks, such as sand, absorbent cotton, collection buckets, personal protective equipment gloves, goggles, etc.

　　上述就是一个合格的企业危废暂存间的大致模样。总之，“防渗漏、防流失、防扬散”是核心，还要按规定履行完备的环评、验收和管理手续。

　　The above is the general appearance of a qualified enterprise hazardous waste storage room. In short, "preventing leakage, loss, and scattering" is the core, and complete environmental impact assessment, acceptance, and management procedures must be carried out in accordance with regulations.