必看！医疗危废暂存库选址布局红线，踩错罚款又追责

　　Must see! Medical hazardous waste temporary storage site layout red line, stepping on the wrong fine and accountability

　　不管是医院、诊所，还是医疗实验室，只要产生医疗危废（比如用过的针管、感染性敷料、废弃试剂等），就必须建合规的医疗危废暂存库。很多医疗单位的负责人都踩过坑：要么选址不合规，被环保部门责令整改、罚款；要么布局混乱，存取不便还存在泄漏、感染风险。今天就用大白话+实打实的数据，给大家唠透医疗危废暂存库的选址和布局要求，全程贴合最新《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》（GB 18597-2023），不管你是新建还是整改，看完都能少走弯路、规避风险。

　　Whether it is a hospital, clinic, or medical laboratory, as long as medical hazardous waste (such as used needles, infectious dressings, waste reagents, etc.) is generated, a compliant medical hazardous waste temporary storage warehouse must be established. Many leaders of medical institutions have fallen into the trap: either the site selection is not in compliance, and they have been ordered to rectify and fined by environmental protection departments; Either the layout is chaotic, access is inconvenient, and there is a risk of leakage and infection. Today, using plain language and concrete data, we will explain the site selection and layout requirements for medical hazardous waste temporary storage warehouses, which fully comply with the latest "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023). Whether you are building or renovating, after reading it, you can avoid detours and risks.

　　先跟大家说个扎心数据：每年全国有30%以上的医疗单位，因医疗危废暂存库不合规被处罚，罚款金额从1万元到50万元不等，严重的还会被责令停业整顿。而不合规的原因，80%都是选址或布局出了问题——医疗危废和普通危废不同，带有感染性、腐蚀性，一旦选址不当、布局混乱，极易造成土壤、水源污染，甚至引发交叉感染，后果不堪设想。

　　First of all, let me share some heart wrenching data with you: Every year, more than 30% of medical institutions in China are punished for non-compliance with medical hazardous waste storage regulations, with fines ranging from 10000 yuan to 500000 yuan. In severe cases, they may even be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. 80% of non compliant reasons are due to site selection or layout issues - medical hazardous waste is different from ordinary hazardous waste in that it is infectious and corrosive. Once the site selection is improper and the layout is chaotic, it can easily cause soil and water pollution, and even lead to cross infection, with unimaginable consequences.

　　医疗危废暂存库的核心，先守好“选址关”，这是底线中的底线，三点要求必须严格遵守，半点不能含糊，每一条都有明确数据和标准支撑。

　　The core of the medical hazardous waste temporary storage warehouse is to first adhere to the "site selection", which is the bottom line of the bottom line. The three requirements must be strictly followed, without any ambiguity, and each one is supported by clear data and standards.

　　第一，远离敏感区，守住安全距离。这是选址最关键的一条，根据相关标准要求，医疗危废暂存库，距离居民区、水源地（包括饮用水源保护区、地下水补给区）的直线距离，必须大于等于500米，少一米都不合规。同时，还要坚决避开生态保护区、风景名胜区、学校、幼儿园等区域，距离这些区域的直线距离也不得小于300米。很多小型诊所图方便，把暂存库建在居民区附近，一旦被排查到，直接罚款整改，得不偿失。这里要注意，选址还需经具有审批权的环境保护行政主管部门批准，才能作为规划控制依据。

　　Firstly, stay away from sensitive areas and maintain a safe distance. This is the most critical aspect of site selection. According to relevant standards, the straight-line distance between the medical hazardous waste temporary storage warehouse and residential areas and water sources (including drinking water source protection areas and groundwater recharge areas) must be greater than or equal to 500 meters, and any distance less than one meter is not compliant. At the same time, it is necessary to resolutely avoid ecological protection areas, scenic spots, schools, kindergartens and other areas, and the straight-line distance from these areas must not be less than 300 meters. Many small clinics are convenient to set up temporary storage warehouses near residential areas. Once discovered, they will be fined and rectified directly, which is not worth the loss. It should be noted that the site selection also needs to be approved by the environmental protection administrative department with approval authority before it can be used as the basis for planning and control.

　　第二，地质与交通双达标，兼顾安全与便捷。地质方面，必须选择地质稳固、地势较高的区域，地震烈度不超过7度，避开溶洞区、滑坡、泥石流等自然灾害多发地带，同时确保暂存库底部高于地下水最高水位至少1.5米，防止地下水渗透，污染水源。交通方面，要保证医疗危废运输车辆进出便利，门口需预留不少于12米的转弯半径，道路宽度不小于4米，方便专用运输车辆停靠、装卸，避免因交通不便导致医疗危废积压。

　　Secondly, both geology and transportation meet the standards, balancing safety and convenience. In terms of geology, it is necessary to choose areas with stable geology and high terrain, with an earthquake intensity not exceeding 7 degrees, avoiding areas prone to natural disasters such as karst caves, landslides, and mudslides, and ensuring that the bottom of the temporary storage is at least 1.5 meters above the highest groundwater level to prevent groundwater infiltration and pollution of the water source. In terms of transportation, it is necessary to ensure convenient access for medical hazardous waste transport vehicles. A turning radius of no less than 12 meters should be reserved at the entrance, and the road width should not be less than 4 meters to facilitate the parking, loading and unloading of specialized transport vehicles and avoid the accumulation of medical hazardous waste due to inconvenient transportation.

　　第三，远离易燃易爆、高压设施，规避二次风险。暂存库需建在易燃易爆物品仓库、高压输送电路区域以外，直线距离不小于100米，同时要位于居民区域常年最大风频的下风向，减少医疗危废异味、有害气体对周边居民的影响，这也是很多医疗单位容易忽略的一点。

　　Thirdly, stay away from flammable, explosive, and high-pressure facilities to avoid secondary risks. The temporary storage warehouse should be built outside the flammable and explosive goods warehouse and high-voltage transmission circuit area, with a straight-line distance of not less than 100 meters. At the same time, it should be located in the downwind direction of the maximum wind frequency in residential areas throughout the year to reduce the impact of medical hazardous waste odors and harmful gases on surrounding residents. This is also a point that many medical units tend to overlook.

　　选好地址后，接下来就是“布局关”，核心是“分区明确、通道畅通、防控到位”，同样有明确的数据要求，贴合医疗危废存取的实际需求，也符合国标对贮存库分区管理的规定。

　　After selecting the address, the next step is "layout control", with the core of "clear zoning, smooth channels, and effective prevention and control". There are also clear data requirements that meet the actual needs of medical hazardous waste storage and access, and also comply with the national standard for storage warehouse zoning management.

　　首要要求就是分区明确，严格划分接收区、暂存区、打包区，三个区域互不交叉、独立隔离，每个区域的面积需根据医疗危废产生量合理规划——比如小型诊所（日产生量≤5kg），暂存区面积不小于5㎡；中型医院（日产生量5-20kg），暂存区面积不小于15㎡；大型医院（日产生量＞20kg），暂存区面积不小于30㎡。这样划分既能避免医疗危废混放、交叉污染，又能提高存取效率，方便台账记录和环保排查。

　　The primary requirement is clear zoning, strictly dividing the receiving area, temporary storage area, and packaging area. The three areas should not intersect with each other and be isolated independently. The area of each area should be reasonably planned according to the amount of medical hazardous waste generated - for example, for small clinics (daily production ≤ 5kg), the temporary storage area should not be less than 5 square meters; Medium sized hospital (daily production capacity 5-20kg), with a temporary storage area of no less than 15 square meters; Large hospitals (with a daily production capacity greater than 20kg) shall have a temporary storage area of no less than 30 square meters. This division can not only avoid the mixing and cross contamination of medical hazardous waste, but also improve storage and retrieval efficiency, facilitate ledger records and environmental inspections.

　　其次，通道宽度和出口设置要达标。库内所有通道宽度，必须大于等于1.2米，方便工作人员操作、医疗危废转运，也能在紧急情况下快速疏散。同时，必须设置双向出口，两个出口之间的距离不小于5米，严禁设置单一出口——一旦发生泄漏、火灾等紧急情况，单一出口会影响人员撤离和应急处置，这也是合规检查的重点项。

　　Secondly, the width of the channel and the setting of the exit should meet the standards. All passages in the warehouse must have a width of at least 1.2 meters to facilitate the operation of staff, transportation of medical hazardous waste, and quick evacuation in emergency situations. At the same time, two-way exits must be set up, with a distance of no less than 5 meters between the two exits. It is strictly prohibited to set up a single exit - in case of emergencies such as leaks or fires, a single exit will affect personnel evacuation and emergency response, which is also a key item of compliance inspection.

　　除此之外，布局还要兼顾防控设施：暂存区地面需做防渗漏处理，铺设2mm厚的防渗漏层，四周设置围堰（高度不小于15cm），防止医疗危废泄漏后渗入土壤；打包区需配备专用打包设备和防护用品，远离水源和电源；库内还要安装通风设施，通风量不小于0.5m?/（h·㎡），降低有害气体浓度，同时配备应急收集容器，应对突发泄漏情况。

　　In addition, the layout should also take into account prevention and control facilities: the ground of the temporary storage area needs to be treated with anti-seepage measures, with a 2mm thick anti-seepage layer laid, and a cofferdam (with a height of not less than 15cm) set up around it to prevent medical hazardous waste from leaking into the soil; The packaging area should be equipped with specialized packaging equipment and protective gear, and kept away from water and power sources; Ventilation facilities should also be installed inside the warehouse, with a ventilation volume of not less than 0.5m ?/(h · ㎡), to reduce the concentration of harmful gases. At the same time, emergency collection containers should be equipped to deal with sudden leaks.

　　补充一组实用提醒：医疗危废暂存库的贮存时间有严格限制，最长不得超过48小时，严禁长期积压；库外需设置明显的医疗危废警示标志，配备应急物资（如泄漏处理 kit、灭火器、防护手套等），且警示标志需符合《危险废物识别标志设置技术规范》要求。这些细节看似琐碎，却是合规的关键，少一项都可能被处罚。

　　Add a set of practical reminders: The storage time of medical hazardous waste temporary storage is strictly limited, with a maximum of 48 hours, and long-term accumulation is strictly prohibited; Clear medical hazardous waste warning signs should be set up outside the warehouse, equipped with emergency supplies (such as leak disposal kits, fire extinguishers, protective gloves, etc.), and the warning signs should comply with the requirements of the "Technical Specification for Setting Hazardous Waste Identification Signs". These details may seem trivial, but they are the key to compliance, and any one less could result in punishment.

　　总结来说，医疗危废暂存库的选址和布局，没有“差不多”，只有“合不合规”。选址要守住“远离敏感区、地质稳固、交通便捷”三条红线，布局要做到“分区明确、通道达标、防控到位”，每一条都有明确的数据和标准支撑，既贴合国标要求，又能规避污染、感染和处罚风险。有需要建设、整改医疗危废暂存库的老板，欢迎点击主页联系我，我们可以为您提供免费的选址规划服务，帮您一站式搞定合规难题，省心、省力、不踩坑。

　　In summary, the location and layout of medical hazardous waste temporary storage facilities are not "similar", only "compliant". The site selection should adhere to the three red lines of "far away from sensitive areas, stable geology, and convenient transportation", and the layout should achieve "clear zoning, standardized access, and effective prevention and control". Each line has clear data and standard support, which not only meets the requirements of national standards, but also avoids pollution, infection, and punishment risks. If you need to build or rectify a medical hazardous waste temporary storage facility, please click on the homepage to contact me. We can provide you with free site selection and planning services, helping you solve compliance problems in one stop, saving you worry, effort, and avoiding pitfalls.