一、项目概况

　　1、 Project Overview

　　河南开封一个项目现场，需要对污水池废气进行治理，选择的工艺为采用生物除臭装置进行治理。生物除臭的最大优点就是运行成本低。最大缺点是细菌的不稳定性，这是限制其发展的最大瓶颈。

　　At a project site in Kaifeng, Henan, it is necessary to treat the waste gas from the sewage tank. The selected process is to use a biological deodorization device for treatment. The biggest advantage of biological deodorization is its low operating cost. The biggest drawback is the instability of bacteria, which is the biggest bottleneck limiting their development.

　　行业传统做法是UV光氧+活性炭吸附工艺。UV光氧除臭杀菌效果要明显优于治理有机废气的效果。常见恶臭气体主要成分有氨、硫化氢、SO2、胺类等。

　　The traditional practice in the industry is the UV photo oxygen+activated carbon adsorption process. The UV photocatalytic deodorization and sterilization effect is significantly better than the treatment of organic waste gas. The main components of common odorous gases are ammonia, hydrogen sulfide SO2、 Amines, etc.

　　二、工艺介绍

　　2、 Process Introduction

　　本工艺采用生物滤床除臭装置对臭气进行处理，分别经过预洗段和生物菌种吸附，最后将净化气体直接排放。通过生物填料巨大的表面积和极其完善的微生物群落系统，对于水溶解性不好的有机物降解尤为有效。吸附则主要针对水溶性物质。对于吸收式生物作用的历程一般认为由以下三步：第一步：废臭气体首先与水接触，由于气相和液相的浓度差以及异味物在液相的溶解性能，使得异味物质从气相进入液相（或液膜内）第二步：进入液相或固体表面生物层（或液膜）的异味物质被微生物吸收第三步：进入微生物细胞的异味物质在微生物代谢过程中作为能源和营养物质被分解、转化成无害、简单物质，在转化过程中产生能量，过滤池中的微生物的生长与繁殖提供能源，使废臭气体物质的转化持续进行。并达标高空排放。

　　This process uses a biological filter bed deodorization device to treat the odor, which passes through a pre washing section and biological bacterial adsorption, and finally discharges the purified gas directly. The huge surface area and extremely sophisticated microbial community system of biological fillers are particularly effective in degrading organic matter with poor water solubility. Adsorption mainly targets water-soluble substances. The process of absorption based biological action is generally believed to consist of the following three steps: Step 1: The waste odorous gas first comes into contact with water. Due to the concentration difference between the gas and liquid phases, as well as the solubility of odorous substances in the liquid phase, the odorous substances enter the liquid phase (or liquid film) from the gas phase. Step 2: The odorous substances entering the liquid phase or solid surface biological layer (or liquid film) are absorbed by microorganisms. Step 3: The odorous substances entering the microbial cells are decomposed and converted into harmless and simple substances as energy and nutrients during microbial metabolism, generating energy during the conversion process. The growth and reproduction of microorganisms in the filtration tank provide energy, enabling the continuous conversion of waste odorous gas substances. And meet the standards for high-altitude emissions.

　　三、部件介绍

　　3、 Component Introduction

　　例：该项目需要 4000-5000m?/h 处理能力的生物除臭装置，选型如下，并对部分部件进行介绍：材质：pp规格：5000*2000*2500mm厚度：10mm风口：Φ400mm生物水泵：0.37kw预洗水泵：2.2kw喷淋水箱：700×500×500mm配置：初段喷淋洗涤+生物处理+末端除雾填料：火山岩复合生物填料+环保球除雾填料高度：500mm填料高度：500mm1、生物菌种目前已投入使用的生物菌种种群主要包含硫化菌、氨氧化细菌、芽孢菌、假单孢菌、酵母属、曲霉属和青霉属等十余种生物优势菌种。这些菌种接种成功后，运行过程中无需外添加营养液。设备长时间停止运行时（夏季大于 10 天，冬季大于 30 天），菌种会在外界温湿度不利的情况自动进入休眠状态，等设备恢复运行后，菌种会在 24 小时内复苏,处理效果恢复正常。当生物填料更换时，菌种需重新接种。如果填料更换一半以下，无需重新接种，在 2-4 天，菌种会繁殖到新更换的填料里。

　　Example: This project requires a biological deodorization device with a processing capacity of 4000-5000m?/h. The selection is as follows, and some components are introduced: Material: PP Specification: 5000 * 2000 * 2500mm Thickness: 10mm Air outlet: Φ 400mm Biological water pump: 0.37kw Pre washing water pump: 2.2kw Spray water tank: 700 × 500 × 500mm Configuration: Initial spray washing+biological treatment+End dehazing Packing: Volcanic rock composite biological packing+Environmental ball dehazing Packing height: 500mm. The biological bacterial population currently in use mainly includes more than ten biologically advantageous bacterial species such as sulfur oxidizing bacteria, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, spore forming bacteria, Pseudomonas, yeast, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. After successful inoculation of these strains, there is no need to add nutrient solution during operation. When the equipment stops running for a long time (more than 10 days in summer and more than 30 days in winter), the bacteria will automatically enter a dormant state in unfavorable external temperature and humidity conditions. After the equipment resumes operation, the bacteria will recover within 24 hours and the treatment effect will return to normal. When replacing the biological filler, the bacterial strain needs to be re inoculated. If the filler is replaced by less than half, there is no need to re inoculate. Within 2-4 days, the bacteria will multiply into the newly replaced filler.

　　2、生物填料生物层填料采用天然有机材料制造原料，以北方落叶松树片为主，经粉碎、分级筛选等工序加工而成的环保有机生物填料，与其它生物填料相比，它具有比表面积高、堆积密度小抗腐蚀性好，使用寿命长（大于 10 年），对人体无害，不易板结，具有良好的保湿性和适气性，载体表面为亲水性，适宜微生物生长等特点。由于松树皮生物填料本身为有机物质，养分含量高，营养成分平衡，因此在废气处理过程中，填料自身可为微生物的生长提供充足的营养物质，无须另外投加营养液，减少运行成本和管理费用。设备内装填有足够量的生物填料，确保填料与臭气的接触时间不低于 20 秒，并且采用的生物填料表面粗糙，具有较大的比表面积，污染物与微生物的接触面积大，有利于微生物接触挂膜和生长，保持较多的微生物量，保证除臭效果和处理效率。生物填料运行时风阻小，确保整体设备的能耗低。设备设有专门的填料装料口、卸料口和检修口，检修更换滤料方便。生物填料采用松树皮，原料来源于自然，不易板结，不污染环境，并且原料都经国家权威部门检验检疫的，对人体无害。达到使用寿命期限的更换下来填料可直接作为城市生物垃圾进行处理，不会造成二次污染。

　　2. Biological fillers are made from natural organic materials, mainly northern deciduous pine slices, and processed through processes such as crushing, grading, and screening. They are environmentally friendly organic biological fillers. Compared with other biological fillers, they have a high specific surface area, low packing density, good corrosion resistance, long service life (more than 10 years), are harmless to the human body, are not easy to harden, have good moisturizing and gas adaptability, and the carrier surface is hydrophilic, suitable for microbial growth and other characteristics. Due to the fact that pine bark bio fillers are organic matter with high nutrient content and balanced nutritional components, they can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of microorganisms during the waste gas treatment process, without the need for additional nutrient solutions, reducing operating and management costs. The equipment is filled with a sufficient amount of biological filler to ensure that the contact time between the filler and the odor is not less than 20 seconds. The surface of the biological filler used is rough and has a large specific surface area. The contact area between pollutants and microorganisms is large, which is conducive to microbial contact, film formation, and growth, maintaining a large microbial population and ensuring deodorization effect and treatment efficiency. Biological fillers have low wind resistance during operation, ensuring low energy consumption of the overall equipment. The equipment is equipped with dedicated filling ports, unloading ports, and maintenance ports, making it convenient to replace filter media during maintenance. The biological filler is made of pine bark, which is sourced from nature and is not easily compacted, does not pollute the environment, and the raw materials have been inspected and quarantined by national authoritative departments, making them harmless to human health. After reaching the end of its service life, the replaced filling material can be directly treated as urban biological waste without causing secondary pollution.

　　3、洗涤填料洗涤填料采用花环填料，主要特点是填料的空隙率大，不易被堵塞，还有通量大、阻力小等优点，花环填料也称梅花环填料是由许多圆环结绕而成，由于填料的空隙处能有较高的持液量，由于这种填料的间隙处能有较高的滞液量，可使塔内液体停留时间较长，从而增加了气液的接触时间，提高了填料的传质效率。聚丙烯填料具有空隙率大，压降和传质单元高度低，泛点高，汽液接触充分，比重小，传质效率高等特点，多用于气体洗涤、净化塔中。4、洗涤循环水泵洗涤循环水泵能适应现场环境及过流介质要求，绝缘等级为 F 级，B 级温升，防护等级为 IP55，泵配用电机为全封闭、风冷式二级电机、有防止酸气进入轴承密封圈。过水部分材质为 SUS304。水泵选用低噪音泵。综上，对于废气流量稳定、设备外围温湿度变化不悬殊的工况，使用生物除臭可大大降低企业运行成本。

　　3. The washing packing adopts flower wreath packing, which is mainly characterized by a high porosity of the packing, is not easily blocked, and has the advantages of high flux and low resistance. Flower wreath packing, also known as plum flower wreath packing, is made up of many circular rings. Due to the high liquid holding capacity at the gaps of the packing, the liquid retention time in the tower can be longer, thereby increasing the contact time between gas and liquid and improving the mass transfer efficiency of the packing. Polypropylene packing has the characteristics of high porosity, low pressure drop and mass transfer unit height, high flooding point, sufficient gas-liquid contact, low specific gravity, and high mass transfer efficiency. It is commonly used in gas washing and purification towers. 4. The washing circulating water pump can adapt to the on-site environment and overcurrent medium requirements, with insulation level of F, temperature rise level of B, and protection level of IP55. The pump is equipped with a fully enclosed, air-cooled secondary motor with a sealing ring to prevent acid gas from entering the bearing. The material of the water passing part is SUS304. Select low-noise pumps for water pumps. In summary, for working conditions where the exhaust gas flow is stable and the temperature and humidity around the equipment do not vary significantly, the use of biological deodorization can greatly reduce the operating costs of enterprises.

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