生物除臭设备借助微生物的代谢作用，将废气中的恶臭物质转化为无害物质，是环保高效的废气处理技术，广泛应用于市政污水、垃圾处理、化工、养殖等产生恶臭气体的领域。其无需高温高压条件，运行成本低且无二次污染，能针对性处理多种挥发性恶臭成分，为恶臭污染治理提供可持续解决方案。

　　Biological deodorization equipment utilizes the metabolic process of microorganisms to convert odorous substances in exhaust gas into harmless substances. It is an environmentally friendly and efficient exhaust gas treatment technology, widely used in fields such as municipal sewage, garbage treatment, chemical industry, and aquaculture that produce odorous gases. It does not require high temperature and high pressure conditions, has low operating costs and no secondary pollution, and can effectively treat various volatile odor components, providing a sustainable solution for odor pollution control.

　　生物除臭设备处理废气的核心是微生物的降解作用。筛选驯化的功能微生物（如细菌、真菌、放线菌），将废气中的恶臭物质（如硫化氢、氨、挥发性有机物）作为营养源，在代谢过程中转化为二氧化碳、水、硫酸盐、硝酸盐等无害物质。这些微生物附着在设备内部的填料表面形成生物膜，当恶臭废气通过填料层时，有害物质被生物膜吸附，随后被微生物分解利用。整个过程在常温常压下进行，无需添加化学药剂，避免传统化学处理法的二次污染，也不像焚烧法那样消耗大量能源，符合绿色环保理念。

　　The core of biological deodorization equipment for treating exhaust gas is the degradation effect of microorganisms. Screening and domestication of functional microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes), using odorous substances in exhaust gas (such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, volatile organic compounds) as a source of nutrients, and converting them into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water, sulfate, nitrate, etc. during the metabolic process. These microorganisms attach to the surface of the packing inside the equipment to form a biofilm. When odorous exhaust gas passes through the packing layer, harmful substances are adsorbed by the biofilm and subsequently decomposed and utilized by microorganisms. The entire process is carried out at room temperature and pressure, without the need to add chemical agents, avoiding the secondary pollution of traditional chemical treatment methods, and not consuming a large amount of energy like incineration methods, which is in line with the concept of green environmental protection.

　　设备结构设计围绕废气与微生物充分接触展开，确保降解效率。主体结构通常包括预处理单元、生物过滤单元和尾气排放单元。预处理单元调节废气的温度、湿度和 pH 值，去除颗粒物，为微生物提供适宜生存环境。生物过滤单元是核心，内部填充的填料（如多孔陶粒、有机生物滤料、活性炭复合填料）为微生物提供附着载体，孔隙结构使废气均匀分布，延长与生物膜接触时间。部分设备采用生物滴滤或生物洗涤工艺，适合处理高浓度或水溶性较好的恶臭废气。尾气排放单元配备风机和监测装置，确保处理后的气体达标排放，部分设备会设置在线监测反馈处理效果。

　　The equipment structure design revolves around the full contact between exhaust gas and microorganisms to ensure degradation efficiency. The main structure usually includes a pre-treatment unit, a biological filtration unit, and an exhaust emission unit. The preprocessing unit adjusts the temperature, humidity, and pH value of the exhaust gas, removes particulate matter, and provides a suitable living environment for microorganisms. The biological filtration unit is the core, and the fillers filled inside (such as porous ceramic particles, organic biological filter materials, activated carbon composite fillers) provide attachment carriers for microorganisms. The pore structure evenly distributes the exhaust gas and prolongs the contact time with the biofilm. Some equipment adopts biological drip filtration or biological washing processes, which are suitable for treating high concentration or water-soluble odorous exhaust gases. The exhaust emission unit is equipped with fans and monitoring devices to ensure that the treated gas meets the emission standards. Some equipment will be equipped with online monitoring feedback on the treatment effect.

　　生物除臭设备能有效处理多种类型的恶臭废气，适配不同来源污染成分。市政领域中，污水处理厂的废气经处理后恶臭浓度可降低 90% 以上，周边环境异味显著改善。垃圾中转站和填埋场的废气成分复杂，设备通过复合微生物菌群可同时降解多种恶臭物质。养殖行业的畜禽舍废气经处理后，既减轻臭味污染，又降低对周边居民的影响。化工企业产生的低浓度挥发性有机废气，在适宜工艺条件下也能被特异性微生物降解，处理效率可达 85% 以上。

　　Biological deodorization equipment can effectively treat various types of odorous exhaust gases and adapt to different sources of pollutants. In the municipal field, the odor concentration of the waste gas from sewage treatment plants can be reduced by more than 90% after treatment, and the odor in the surrounding environment can be significantly improved. The composition of waste gas from garbage transfer stations and landfills is complex, and the equipment can simultaneously degrade multiple odorous substances through a complex microbial community. After treatment, the waste gas from livestock and poultry houses in the breeding industry not only reduces odor pollution but also minimizes its impact on surrounding residents. The low concentration volatile organic waste gas generated by chemical enterprises can also be degraded by specific microorganisms under suitable process conditions, with a treatment efficiency of over 85%.

　　运行的稳定性与经济性是其显著优势，适合长期连续运行。设备启动后，只需定期补充营养剂和调整填料湿度，日常维护工作量小，运行能耗低，每吨废气处理成本远低于化学吸收法和焚烧法。对于浓度波动较大的废气，设备有一定抗冲击能力，短期内可承受浓度 1-2 倍波动而不影响处理效果。此外，设备处理规模可灵活调整，小型设备处理每小时数千立方米废气，大型组合式设备能满足每小时数万立方米需求，且可模块化扩展，适应不同规模治理需求。

　　The stability and economy of operation are its significant advantages, suitable for long-term continuous operation. After the equipment is started, it only needs to regularly supplement nutrients and adjust the humidity of the packing material. The daily maintenance workload is small, the operating energy consumption is low, and the cost of treating each ton of exhaust gas is much lower than that of chemical absorption and incineration methods. For exhaust gases with significant concentration fluctuations, the equipment has a certain degree of shock resistance and can withstand concentration fluctuations of 1-2 times in the short term without affecting the treatment effect. In addition, the processing scale of the equipment can be flexibly adjusted. Small equipment can process thousands of cubic meters of exhaust gas per hour, while large modular equipment can meet the demand of tens of thousands of cubic meters per hour and can be modularly expanded to meet the treatment needs of different scales.

　　生物除臭设备的处理效果受多种因素影响，需针对性调控。废气中的有毒物质会抑制微生物活性，需在预处理阶段去除；温度过高或过低会降低微生物代谢效率，需通过温控装置调节；填料老化和堵塞会影响废气流通，需定期翻动或更换。优化这些运行参数，可确保设备长期稳定高效运行。

　　The treatment effect of biological deodorization equipment is affected by various factors and requires targeted regulation. Toxic substances in exhaust gas can inhibit microbial activity and need to be removed during the pretreatment stage; Excessive or insufficient temperature can reduce microbial metabolic efficiency, which needs to be regulated through temperature control devices; Aging and blockage of fillers can affect the flow of exhaust gas and require regular flipping or replacement. Optimizing these operating parameters can ensure the long-term stable and efficient operation of the equipment.

　　生物除臭设备凭借环保、高效、经济的特点，成为恶臭废气治理的主流技术之一。随着微生物驯化技术进步，其处理效率和适用范围将进一步提升，为各类恶臭污染源治理提供更可靠技术支持，助力改善人居环境质量。

　　Biological deodorization equipment has become one of the mainstream technologies for the treatment of odorous waste gas due to its environmental protection, high efficiency, and economic characteristics. With the advancement of microbial domestication technology, its treatment efficiency and applicability will be further improved, providing more reliable technical support for the treatment of various odor pollution sources and helping to improve the quality of living environment.

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