废水处理设备主要是用于各类生产过程中产生的废水处理，像在一些涉及清洗环节的生产中，对相关物料清洗时会产生含有悬浮颗粒污染物的污水，这类污水中溶解性物质较少，且清洗过程往往需要耗用大量清水，产生的污水有以下几点特征：

　　Wastewater treatment equipment is mainly used for the treatment of wastewater generated in various production processes. For example, in some production processes involving cleaning, wastewater containing suspended particulate pollutants is generated during the cleaning of related materials. This type of wastewater has less dissolved substances and often requires a large amount of clean water during the cleaning process. The generated wastewater has the following characteristics:

　　有机物污染：部分生产原料或产品可能接触或包装过粮食、饲料、饮料等，从而使废水中带入有机物。

　　Organic pollution: Some production materials or products may come into contact with or be packaged in food, feed, beverages, etc., which can introduce organic matter into wastewater.

　　PH 值污染：在一些物料的粉碎清洗过程中，可能会加入碱性物质，导致废水的 PH 值出现异常。

　　PH pollution: During the crushing and cleaning process of some materials, alkaline substances may be added, causing abnormal pH values in the wastewater.

　　悬浮物污染：部分生产中涉及的农地膜、棚膜等物料，可能接触或携带化纤土粉尘、颗粒等，使得废水中含有悬浮物。

　　Suspended solids pollution: Some agricultural film, greenhouse film and other materials involved in production may come into contact with or carry chemical fiber soil dust, particles, etc., resulting in suspended solids in wastewater.

　　油脂污染：一些用于包装油脂类物质的容器或物料，在处理过程中会使废水中混入油脂类物质。

　　Oil pollution: Some containers or materials used for packaging oil substances may mix oil substances into wastewater during the treatment process.

　　针对清洗、破碎工序产生的废水，往往对水中悬浮物含量有较高的处理要求。可以采用混凝处理工艺去除污水中的大部分悬浮物，再把处理后的污水回用到生产工序中去，达到减少污水排放量的目的。外排的污水可与生活污水混合以提高其可生化性，再经生物处理后排放。

　　For wastewater generated from cleaning and crushing processes, there are often high treatment requirements for suspended solids content in the water. The coagulation treatment process can be used to remove most of the suspended solids in the sewage, and then the treated sewage can be reused in the production process to reduce the amount of sewage discharge. The discharged sewage can be mixed with domestic sewage to improve its biodegradability, and then discharged after biological treatment.

　　处理这类废水可采用加药沉淀 —— 气浮 —— 带式压滤机成套污水处理工艺（简单回用可选气浮）。

　　The treatment of this type of wastewater can be achieved through a complete set of wastewater treatment processes, including chemical precipitation, air flotation, and belt filter press (air flotation is optional for simple reuse).

　　部分生产中涉及的原料在回收利用过程中，采用高温碱洗工艺，其碱洗用水约 500 立方米 / 天，由于该碱洗水长期循环使用，造成有机物浓度大量累积，虽有 80% 水量可生产回用，但仍有部分高浓度碱洗污水外排。为了解该污水水质特性，以确定合理适用的处理工艺，在实验室条件下对取样污水进行了化学分析、可生化性试验和水样加药物化处理后小试样测定。工艺选择主要考虑碱洗水在生产工艺上的循环使用，因此确定了污水总体物化处理后回用，部分再经生化处理排放的设计思路，这样既可节省工程的总投资，又可减轻生化系统负荷。定期排放的碱煮原液则通过加酸中和后，直接经污泥干化系统处理。

　　During the recycling process of some raw materials involved in production, high-temperature alkali washing technology is used, with an alkali washing water consumption of about 500 cubic meters per day. Due to the long-term recycling of this alkali washing water, a large amount of organic matter concentration accumulates. Although 80% of the water can be produced and reused, there are still some high concentration alkali washing wastewater discharged. In order to understand the water quality characteristics of the sewage and determine a reasonable and applicable treatment process, chemical analysis, biodegradability tests, and small sample measurements of the sampled sewage were conducted under laboratory conditions after drug treatment of the water sample. The process selection mainly considers the recycling of alkaline washing water in the production process. Therefore, the design concept of overall physical and chemical treatment of wastewater for reuse and partial discharge through biochemical treatment has been determined. This can save the total investment of the project and reduce the load on the biochemical system. The regularly discharged alkaline boiling solution is neutralized by adding acid and directly treated by the sludge drying system.

　　水质分析结果表明，碱洗污水成分复杂、浓度高（累积因素），属难降解有机物，即使经过物化处理，可生化性仍旧很低。在单纯的长停留时间好氧处理条件下，其分子结构很难被破坏，生物降解半衰期很长，如应用于工程，则投资较大，不经济。

　　The water quality analysis results show that the alkaline washing wastewater has complex components and high concentrations (cumulative factors), and is a difficult to degrade organic compound. Even after physical and chemical treatment, its biodegradability is still very low. Under simple long-term aerobic treatment conditions, its molecular structure is difficult to be destroyed, and its biodegradation half-life is long. If applied to engineering, the investment is large and uneconomical.

　　难降解有机物是指微生物不能降解，或在任何环境条件下不能以足够快的速度降解以阻止它在环境中积累。有机物不能降解的原因有多种，但大致可分为两大类：对微生物有毒害作用；化学结构稳定。针对这类碱洗污水成分复杂的特点，利用物化手段进行预处理以改变生物难降解有机化合物的结构，消除或减弱它们的毒性，增加可生化性；同时设计生物降解路线并开发出适于能降解而又耐毒的微生物，改进生化处理流程与设备，这是这类碱洗污水处理成功的关键。用培养、改性、调节、变异和接种等手段培制能分解难生物降解有机物的微生物细菌是改进当前活性污泥工艺重要途径之一，经过驯化的活性污泥可以抗拒高浓度污染物的抑制作用。

　　Difficult to degrade organic matter refers to microorganisms that cannot degrade it or cannot degrade it quickly enough under any environmental conditions to prevent its accumulation in the environment. There are various reasons why organic matter cannot be degraded, but they can be roughly divided into two categories: toxic to microorganisms; The chemical structure is stable. In response to the complex composition of alkaline wastewater, physical and chemical methods are used for pretreatment to alter the structure of recalcitrant organic compounds, eliminate or reduce their toxicity, and increase their biodegradability; Simultaneously designing a biodegradation pathway and developing microorganisms suitable for degradation and toxicity resistance, improving the biochemical treatment process and equipment, are the key to the successful treatment of such alkaline wastewater. One of the important ways to improve the current activated sludge process is to cultivate microbial bacteria that can decompose difficult to biodegrade organic matter through cultivation, modification, regulation, mutation, and inoculation. The domesticated activated sludge can resist the inhibitory effect of high concentration pollutants.

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