现阶段每当发出环保预警时，处在环境敏感区和环境容量小的区域内的化工企业都会收到停产或限产的通知，安全要求加环保限排导致化工企业的生存越来越困难。国家对大气污染物的环保治理尤为重视，环保不会放松，而且会越来越严。化工企业是环保污染排放的重要单位之一。

　　At present, whenever an environmental warning is issued, chemical enterprises located in environmentally sensitive areas and areas with small environmental capacity will receive notices of production stoppage or restriction. Safety requirements and environmental emission restrictions have made it increasingly difficult for chemical enterprises to survive. The country attaches great importance to the environmental protection of atmospheric pollutants, and environmental protection will not be relaxed, but will become increasingly strict. Chemical enterprises are one of the important units responsible for environmental pollution emissions.

　　不同于其他的类型的企业，化工企业排放的气态污染物主要是有机污染物，存在危害人民身体健康、对农作物以及动植物有害、较难分解、气味较大等特点，因此化工企业也是环境保护单位重点关照的对象。

　　Unlike other types of enterprises, the gaseous pollutants emitted by chemical enterprises are mainly organic pollutants, which pose a threat to people's health, are harmful to crops, animals and plants, are difficult to decompose, and have a strong odor. Therefore, chemical enterprises are also a key focus of environmental protection units.

　　按照排放类型可分为无组织排放和有组织排放。通常我们所说的污染物治理和处理，是针对有组织排放的治理和处理。对于无组织排放，通常采取的措施是将无组织排放收集转化为有组织排放，尽可能的限制其无组织排放的量。设计和生产当中最容易忽略的、也是最常见的无组织排放为物料储存和转移过程当中产生的泄漏。因此，这些区域和位置需要加装废气收集装置以减少无组织排放。

　　According to the type of emissions, they can be divided into unorganized emissions and organized emissions. The pollution control and treatment we usually refer to is aimed at the control and treatment of organized emissions. For unorganized emissions, the usual measure is to collect and convert unorganized emissions into organized emissions, limiting the amount of unorganized emissions as much as possible. The most easily overlooked and common unorganized emissions in design and production are leaks generated during material storage and transfer processes. Therefore, these areas and locations require the installation of exhaust gas collection devices to reduce unorganized emissions.

　　2022年发布并于2023年4月1日实施化工行业推荐标准：HG/T 6113-2022 《化工工艺有机废气处理装置技术规范》中规定了化工工艺有机废气处理装置的一般要求、处理装置技术要求。标准下载方式见文末。化工企业排出的大气污染物按照种类主要分为固体颗粒污染物以及气态污染物。根据的种类不同，其处理方式通常有：过滤除尘法、旋风除尘法、静电除尘法、喷淋吸收法、吸附解析法、深冷凝结法、高温处理法。本文简单介绍这些方法及其优缺点。

　　The recommended standard for the chemical industry, HG/T 6113-2022 "Technical Specification for Organic Waste Gas Treatment Equipment in Chemical Processes", will be released in 2022 and implemented on April 1, 2023. It specifies the general requirements and technical requirements for organic waste gas treatment equipment in chemical processes. The standard download method can be found at the end of the article. The atmospheric pollutants emitted by chemical enterprises are mainly divided into solid particulate pollutants and gaseous pollutants according to their types. According to different types, the processing methods usually include: filtration dust removal method, cyclone dust removal method, electrostatic dust removal method, spray absorption method, adsorption desorption method, deep condensation method, and high-temperature treatment method. This article briefly introduces these methods and their advantages and disadvantages.

　　过滤除尘法

　　Filtration and dust removal method

　　过滤除尘法是最简单、通用的处理，对于含有固体颗粒气体污染气体通常都有过滤除尘设备。设备通常为袋式过滤器。含有固体颗粒的气体经过滤布袋，固体颗粒被捕集到布袋上，除尘后的洁净气体通过布袋排出。过滤除尘是最简单最有效的储存方式之一，具有处理量大、设备简单、投资较小、维护简单的特点。但是它存在一些缺点，如除尘的效率不高、无法去除微小颗粒、占地面积较大等。

　　The filtration and dust removal method is the simplest and most universal treatment, and there are usually filtration and dust removal equipment for gas pollutants containing solid particles. The equipment is usually a bag filter. The gas containing solid particles is filtered through a bag, and the solid particles are trapped on the bag. The clean gas after dust removal is discharged through the bag. Filtering and dust removal is one of the simplest and most effective storage methods, characterized by large processing capacity, simple equipment, low investment, and easy maintenance. However, it has some drawbacks, such as low dust removal efficiency, inability to remove small particles, and a large footprint.

　　旋风除尘法

　　Cyclone dust removal method

　　旋风除尘法也是一种比较高效便捷的含固体颗粒气体处理方式。他通过气偏转气流运行方向产生离心力，将固体颗粒从气体当中分离出来。旋风除尘占地面积较小、设备简单、几乎无需维护，它对处理含有较大颗粒固体的气体具有天生的优势。旋风除尘也存在的缺点，主要问题是旋风除尘无法去除较小颗粒的固体，而且对固体的密度有一定的要求。对于低密度固体处理效果明显下降。

　　The cyclone dust removal method is also a relatively efficient and convenient way to treat gases containing solid particles. He separates solid particles from the gas by generating centrifugal force by diverting the direction of the airflow. Cyclone dust removal has a small footprint, simple equipment, and almost no maintenance required. It has inherent advantages in treating gases containing larger solid particles. The main drawback of cyclone dust removal is that it cannot remove smaller solid particles and has certain requirements for solid density. The effect of low-density solid treatment is significantly reduced.

　　静电除尘法

　　Electrostatic precipitator method

　　静电除尘法是一种比较常见的相对高级的除尘方式，他产生高压电场，对空气当中带有静电的颗粒微尘产生作用力，在电场的作用下，带电微尘移动到一端从实现颗粒微尘的捕集。静电除尘法可以去除空气体当中极微小的固体颗粒，实现除尘最终的达标排放。而且颗粒越小的物质除尘效果越佳，而且处理的量可大可小。它的缺点是造价较高、对于大颗粒固体处理效果较差、不能处理含有大量固体的气体，需要先经过其他装置预处理。

　　Electrostatic precipitator is a common and relatively advanced dust removal method that generates a high-voltage electric field, which exerts a force on particles and dust with static electricity in the air. Under the action of the electric field, charged particles and dust move to one end to achieve the capture of particles and dust. The electrostatic precipitator method can remove extremely small solid particles from the air, achieving the final standard emission of dust removal. And the smaller the particles, the better the dust removal effect, and the amount of treatment can be large or small. Its disadvantages are high cost, poor treatment effect for large solid particles, and inability to handle gases containing a large amount of solids, which require pre-treatment by other devices first.

　　喷淋吸收法

　　Spray absorption method

　　喷淋吸收法是通过喷淋液与气体进行直接接触吸收或反应的方法。喷淋吸收时常见于含尘气体或纯气体的吸收处理方法。他需要喷淋液与固体或气体能够溶解或发生反应。喷淋吸收法设备简单，处理量较大，对于较高浓度的气体也可以处理，处理效果比较好。它的缺点是产生喷淋废水，后续需要进行废水处理，吸收后往往不能达到直接排放的目标，需要其他辅助处理。

　　Spray absorption method is a method of direct contact absorption or reaction between spray liquid and gas. Spray absorption is often seen in absorption treatment methods for dusty or pure gases. He needs the spray liquid to dissolve or react with solids or gases. The spray absorption method has simple equipment, large processing capacity, and can also treat gases with higher concentrations, resulting in better treatment effects. Its disadvantage is the generation of spray wastewater, which requires subsequent wastewater treatment. After absorption, it often cannot achieve the goal of direct discharge and requires other auxiliary treatments.

　　吸附解析法

　　Adsorption analysis method

　　吸附解析法是处理气态污染物的一种方法，它通过含有微孔结构的物质与气体接触，气体被吸附到微孔结构当中，从而实现气体的吸收处理。通过高温处理，吸附在微孔中的体态物质解析出，从而实现吸附物的循环再利用。它可以吸收和处理较小浓度的气体，实现达标排放。但是该方法存在一些缺点，首先吸附剂容量有限，因此无法处理含有较高浓度的气体，需要经过其他方法预处理后方可吸附处理。其次，对于不同污染物需要选择不同的吸附剂。而且设备投资相对较高，吸附剂需要定期更换，解析之后产生废水，还需要进行废水处理。

　　Adsorption desorption method is a method for treating gaseous pollutants, which involves the contact of substances containing microporous structures with gas, and the gas is adsorbed into the microporous structure, thereby achieving gas absorption treatment. Through high-temperature treatment, the adsorbed substances in the micropores are resolved, thereby achieving the recycling and reuse of the adsorbate. It can absorb and process gases with lower concentrations to achieve standard emissions. However, this method has some drawbacks. Firstly, the adsorbent capacity is limited, making it unable to handle gases with high concentrations. Therefore, other methods of pretreatment are required before adsorption treatment can be carried out. Secondly, different adsorbents need to be selected for different pollutants. Moreover, the equipment investment is relatively high, and the adsorbent needs to be replaced regularly. After analysis, wastewater is generated and needs to be treated.

　　深冷凝结法

　　Deep condensation method

　　深冷凝结法是通过建立超低温环境，将气体冷凝为液体从而实现气态有机物分离和去除的目的。深冷冷凝法是一种有效的降低排放量并实现污染物回收再利用的方法，是一种绿色可循环的处理方法，其处理量较大，处理效果上较好。但是存在着设备投资费用大、运行成本高、受限于气体污染物种类等缺点。

　　The deep condensation method is achieved by establishing an ultra-low temperature environment to condense gas into liquid, thereby achieving the separation and removal of gaseous organic compounds. Deep cooling condensation method is an effective way to reduce emissions and achieve pollutant recovery and reuse. It is a green and recyclable treatment method with a large processing capacity and good treatment effect. However, there are disadvantages such as high equipment investment costs, high operating costs, and limitations on the types of gas pollutants.

　　高温处理法

　　High temperature treatment method

　　高温处理法是通过高温将污染物进行分解，其中燃烧处理法是通过直接对污染物进行燃烧的方式而处理的。它是一种比较简便有效的处理方式，可以处理掉绝大部分难以采用其他方式处理的污染物。燃烧处理法可以处理气体污染物含量较高的气体，可以处理成分复杂的气体污染物，热能可以部分回用。但是由于其存在明火会有燃爆的危险性，对设备安全性要求较高，处理物质种类（如燃烧后产生其它污染物的气体）有限制，大量有机物分解浪费。

　　The high-temperature treatment method decomposes pollutants at high temperatures, while the combustion treatment method directly burns the pollutants for treatment. It is a relatively simple and effective treatment method that can remove the vast majority of pollutants that are difficult to treat using other methods. The combustion treatment method can treat gases with high levels of gas pollutants, complex gas pollutants, and partially reuse thermal energy. However, due to the risk of explosion caused by the presence of open flames, there are high requirements for equipment safety, limitations on the types of substances to be processed (such as gases that produce other pollutants after combustion), and a large amount of organic matter decomposition waste.

　　作为化工企业当中的化工工程师，应当了解并熟悉各类废气处理方法和特点。应当知晓本企业所产生的废气中的成分及其含量。应该有能力选择经济合理且有效的废气处理工艺和设备来处理本企业产生的废气。

　　As a chemical engineer in a chemical enterprise, one should understand and be familiar with various methods and characteristics of waste gas treatment. Should be aware of the composition and content of the exhaust gas generated by this enterprise. Should have the ability to choose economically reasonable and effective waste gas treatment processes and equipment to treat the waste gas generated by the enterprise.

　　本文由  化工厂废气处理 友情奉献.更多有关的知识请点击  http://www.tdyhhb.com/   真诚的态度.为您提供为全面的服务.更多有关的知识我们将会陆续向大家奉献.敬请期待.

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