“ 危化品库相关标准规范 ”

　　Standard specifications for hazardous chemical warehouses

　　标准：危险废物贮存间的建设标准执行----《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》（GB18597-2023）。规范：危废收集、贮存涉及的规范----《危险废物收集贮存运输技术规范》（HJ2025-2012）。指南：涉及危险废物的环评内容评价指南----《建设项目危险废物环境影响评价指南》

　　Standard: The construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms shall comply with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023). Specification: The technical specifications for the collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste (HJ2025-2012). Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects - Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects

　　危废贮存有哪些常见问题？注意这些建设要求！

　　What are the common problems with hazardous waste storage? Pay attention to these construction requirements!

　　贮存危险废物应符合《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》( GB 18597-2023 ) 各项要求。标准已于2023年7月1日起实施。NO.1建设要求(1)贮存库是用于贮存一种或多种类别、形态危险废物的仓库式贮存设施。

　　The storage of hazardous waste shall comply with the requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB 18597-2023). The standard has been implemented since July 1, 2023. NO.1 Construction Requirements: (1) A storage facility is a warehouse style storage facility used to store one or more types and forms of hazardous waste.

　　贮存库污染控制要求：

　　Requirements for pollution control in storage facilities:

　　①贮存库内不同贮存分区之间应采取隔离措施，隔离措施可根据危险废物特性采用过道、隔板或隔墙等方式；

　　① Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse, which can be implemented through corridors, partitions, or walls according to the characteristics of hazardous waste;

　　②在贮存库内或通过贮存分区方式贮存液态危险废物的，应具有液体泄漏堵截设施，堵截设施最小容积不应低于对应贮存区域最大液态废物容器容积或液态废物总储量1/10(二者取较大者)；用于贮存可能产生渗滤液的危险废物的贮存库或贮存分区应设计渗滤液收集设施，收集设施容积应满足渗滤液的收集要求；

　　② If liquid hazardous waste is stored in a storage warehouse or through storage zoning, liquid leakage blocking facilities should be installed. The minimum volume of the blocking facilities should not be less than the maximum liquid waste container volume or 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity in the corresponding storage area (whichever is larger); Storage facilities or zones for hazardous waste that may generate leachate should be designed with leachate collection facilities, and the volume of the collection facilities should meet the requirements for leachate collection;

　　③贮存易产生粉尘、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、酸雾、有毒有害大气污染物和刺激性气味气体的危险废物贮存库，应设置气体收集装置和气体净化设施，排气筒高度应符合《大气污染物综合排放标准》(GB16297-1996)要求。

　　③ Dangerous waste storage facilities that are prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be equipped with gas collection devices and gas purification facilities. The height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the requirements of the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

　　(2)贮存场是用于贮存不易产生粉尘、挥发性有机物(VOCs)、酸雾、有毒有害大气污染物和刺激性气味气体的大宗危险废物的，具有顶棚(盖)的半开放式贮存设施。

　　(2) Storage yard is a semi open storage facility with a roof (cover) used to store bulk hazardous waste that is not prone to generating dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases.

　　贮存场污染控制要求：①贮存场应设置径流疏导系统，保证能防止当地重现期不小于25年的暴雨流入贮存区域，并采取措施防止雨水冲淋危险废物，避免增加渗滤液量；②贮存场可整体或分区设计液体导流和收集设施，收集设施容积应保证在最不利条件下可以容纳对应贮存区域产生的渗滤液、废水等液态物质；③贮存场应采取防止危险废物扬散、流失的措施；④贮存的危险废物直接接触地面的，还应进行基础防渗，防渗层为至少1m厚黏土层(渗透系数不大于10-7cm/s)，或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防渗材料(渗透系数不大于10-10cm/s)，或其他防渗性能等效的材料。

　　Requirements for pollution control of the storage site: ① The storage site shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage area, and measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater from washing hazardous waste and increasing the amount of leachate; ② The storage area can be designed with liquid diversion and collection facilities as a whole or in zones, and the volume of the collection facilities should ensure that they can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions; ③ The storage site should take measures to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste; ④ For hazardous waste stored in direct contact with the ground, basic anti-seepage measures should also be taken. The anti-seepage layer should be at least 1m thick clay layer (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-7cm/s), or at least 2mm thick artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient not greater than 10-10cm/s), or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance.

　　(3)贮存池是用于贮存单一类别液态或半固态危险废物的，位于室内或具有顶棚(盖)的池体贮存设施。

　　(3) A storage tank is a tank storage facility located indoors or with a roof (cover) for storing a single category of liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste.

　　贮存池污染控制要求：

　　Requirements for pollution control of storage tanks:

　　①贮存池防渗层应覆盖整个池体并对池体进行基础防渗；

　　① The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank should cover the entire tank body and provide basic anti-seepage for the tank body;

　　②贮存池应采取措施防止雨水、地面径流等进入，保证能防止当地重现期不小于25年的暴雨流入贮存池内；

　　② Measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from entering the storage pool, so as to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be prevented from flowing into the storage pool;

　　③贮存池应采取措施减少大气污染物的无组织排放。

　　③ Measures should be taken to reduce unorganized emissions of atmospheric pollutants from storage tanks.

　　(4)贮存罐区是用于贮存液态危险废物的，由一个或多个罐体及其相关的辅助设备和防护系统构成的固定式贮存设施。贮存罐区污染控制要求：

　　(4) Storage tank area is a fixed storage facility for storing liquid hazardous waste, consisting of one or more tanks and their related auxiliary equipment and protective systems. Pollution control requirements for storage tank area:

　　①贮存罐区罐体应设置在围堰内，围堰应保证能满足防渗、防腐性能要求；

　　① The tanks in the storage tank area should be placed inside a cofferdam, which should ensure that the cofferdam can meet the requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion performance;

　　②贮存罐区围堰容积应至少满足其内部最大贮存罐发生意外泄漏时所需要的危险废物收集容积要求；

　　② The cofferdam volume of the storage tank area should at least meet the hazardous waste collection volume requirements in case of accidental leakage of the largest storage tank inside;

　　③贮存罐区围堰内收集的废液、废水和初期雨水应及时处理，不应直接排放。

　　③ The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the storage tank area cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and should not be directly discharged.

　　(5)贮存点是《危险废物管理计划和管理台账制定技术导则》(HJ1259-2022)规定的纳入危险废物登记管理单位的，用于同一生产经营场所专门贮存危险废物的场所；或产生危险废物的单位设置于生产线附近，用于暂时贮存以便于中转其产生的危险废物的场所。贮存点环境管理要求：①贮存点应具有固定的区域边界，并应采取与其他区域进行隔离的措施；

　　(5) Storage points are designated as hazardous waste registration and management units in accordance with the Technical Guidelines for the Development of Hazardous Waste Management Plans and Management Ledger (HJ1259-2022), and are used for the specialized storage of hazardous waste in the same production and operation site; Units that generate hazardous waste are located near the production line for temporary storage and transfer of the hazardous waste they produce. Requirements for environmental management of storage points: ① Storage points should have fixed area boundaries and measures should be taken to isolate them from other areas;

　　②贮存点应采取防风、防雨、防晒和防止危险废物流失、扬散等措施；

　　② Storage points should take measures to prevent wind, rain, sun, and hazardous waste from being lost or scattered;

　　③贮存点贮存的危险废物应置于容器或包装物中，不应直接散堆；

　　③ Hazardous waste stored in storage points should be placed in containers or packaging materials and should not be directly scattered;

　　④贮存 点应根据危险废物的形态、物理化学性质、包装形式等，采取防渗、防漏等污染防治措施或采用具有相应功能的装置；

　　④ Storage points should adopt pollution prevention and control measures such as anti-seepage and leak prevention or use devices with corresponding functions according to the form, physical and chemical properties, packaging form, etc. of hazardous waste;

　　⑤贮存点应及时清运贮存的危险废物，实时贮存量不应超过 3 吨。

　　⑤ The storage point should promptly clear and transport the stored hazardous waste, and the real-time storage capacity should not exceed 3 tons.

　　NO.2常见问题（1）未按照危害特性分类贮存危险废物或分区不合理

　　NO.2 Common problems (1) Failure to classify hazardous waste according to hazard characteristics or unreasonable zoning

　　（2）混合贮存性质不相容且未经安全性处置的危险废物。

　　(2) Mixed storage of hazardous waste that is incompatible in nature and has not been safely disposed of.

　　（3）收集、贮存场所地面有裂隙，不具备防渗漏功能且未采取相应措施。

　　(3) There are cracks on the ground of the collection and storage site, which do not have anti leakage function and have not taken corresponding measures.

　　（4）盛装危险废物的容器有破损，导致泄漏。

　　(4) The container containing hazardous waste is damaged, resulting in leakage.

　　（5）盛装危险废物的容器未密闭。

　　(5) The container containing hazardous waste is not sealed.

　　（6）贮存液体危险废物，未设置泄漏液体收集装置或泄漏液体收集池容积不满足相关要求。

　　(6) Storage of liquid hazardous waste without a leakage liquid collection device or leakage liquid collection pool capacity not meeting relevant requirements.

　　（7）贮存易挥发危险废物，贮存库未密闭、未安装废气收集治理设施、已安装废气收集治理设施未正常运行。

　　(7) Storage of volatile hazardous waste, storage warehouse not sealed, no exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities installed, and installed exhaust gas collection and treatment facilities not functioning properly.

　　（8）未按照《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》(GB18597-2023)监测有关要求，开展自行监测。

　　(8) Failure to conduct self-monitoring in accordance with the relevant requirements of the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　　（9）危险废物贮存过程产生的污染物不满足国家污染物排放(控制)标准等要求。

　　(9) The pollutants generated during the storage of hazardous waste do not meet the requirements of national pollutant emission (control) standards.

　　（10）危险废物露天存放。

　　(10) Hazardous waste is stored outdoors.

　　（11）危废贮存设施导流槽溢流、泄露液收集池有废液未及时收集。

　　(11) The overflow and leakage of the diversion channel of the hazardous waste storage facility have resulted in the collection of waste liquid in the collection pool, which has not been collected in a timely manner.

　　（12）盛装液态、半固态危险废物的容器内部未留足够空间。

　　(12) Insufficient space is left inside the container containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste.

　　（13）盛装液态、半固态危险废物的包装桶表面有危险废物遗留未及时清理。

　　(13) The surface of the packaging drums containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste has hazardous waste residues that have not been cleaned up in a timely manner.

　　（14）危险废物识别标志注明危险废物种类与实际贮存危险废物种类不一致。（15）危险废物收集、贮存设施不符合“六防”要求(防风、防晒、防雨、防漏、防渗、防腐等)。

　　(14) The identification mark for hazardous waste indicates that the type of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the actual type of hazardous waste stored. (15) The hazardous waste collection and storage facilities do not meet the "six prevention" requirements (windproof, sun proof, rain proof, leak proof, anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, etc.).

　　（16）危险废物实际贮存与危险废物识别标志注明重量、台账记录、省固体废物动态信息平台贮存数据不一致。

　　(16) The actual storage of hazardous waste is inconsistent with the weight indicated on the hazardous waste identification label, ledger records, and storage data on the provincial solid waste dynamic information platform.

　　（17）危险废物包装容器上设置标签信息(重量、时间等)与台账记录、实际贮存不一致。

　　(17) The label information (weight, time, etc.) on the hazardous waste packaging container is inconsistent with the ledger records and actual storage.

　　（18）硬质容器和包装物及其支护结构堆叠码放时有明显变形。NO.3示例危险废物贮存NO.4法律依据《固废法》第十七条：建设产生、贮存、利用、处置固体废物的项目，应当依法进行环境影响评价，并遵守国家有关建设项目环境保护管理的规定。

　　(18) There is significant deformation when stacking and stacking hard containers, packaging materials, and their supporting structures. NO.3 Example Hazardous Waste Storage NO.4 Legal Basis: Article 17 of the Solid Waste Law: Projects that generate, store, utilize, and dispose of solid waste shall conduct environmental impact assessments in accordance with the law and comply with relevant national regulations on environmental protection management for construction projects.

　　《固废法》第十八条：建设项目的环境影响评价文件确定需要配套建设的固体废物污染环境防治设施，应当与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投入使用。建设项目的初步设计，应当按照环境保护设计规范的要求，将固体废物污染环境防治内容纳入环境影响评价文件，落实防治固体废物污染环境和破坏生态的措施以及固体废物污染环境防治设施投资概算。建设单位应当依照有关法律法规的规定，对配套建设的固体废物污染环境防治设施进行验收，编制验收报告，并向社会公开。

　　Article 18 of the Solid Waste Law: The environmental impact assessment document of a construction project shall determine that the solid waste pollution prevention and control facilities that need to be constructed as supporting facilities shall be designed, constructed, and put into use simultaneously with the main project. The preliminary design of construction projects should include the prevention and control of solid waste pollution in the environmental impact assessment documents in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection design specifications, implement measures to prevent and control solid waste pollution and ecological damage, and estimate the investment in solid waste pollution prevention and control facilities. The construction unit shall, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, conduct acceptance inspection of the solid waste pollution prevention and control facilities for supporting construction, prepare acceptance reports, and make them public to the society.

　　《固废法》第七十九条：产生危险废物的单位，应当按照国家有关规定和环境保护标准要求贮存、利用、处置危险废物，不得擅自倾倒、堆放。《固废条例》第五十二条：产生危险废物的单位，应当按照国家有关规定和环境保护标准要求贮存、利用、处置危险废物。对在常温常压下易爆、易燃及排出有毒气体的危险废物进行预处理，使之稳定后贮存；无法稳定贮存的，按照易爆、易燃危险品贮存。

　　Article 79 of the Solid Waste Law: Units that generate hazardous waste shall store, utilize, and dispose of hazardous waste in accordance with relevant national regulations and environmental protection standards, and shall not dump or pile up hazardous waste without authorization. Article 52 of the Solid Waste Regulations: Units that generate hazardous waste shall store, utilize, and dispose of hazardous waste in accordance with relevant national regulations and environmental protection standards. Pre treat hazardous waste that is explosive, flammable, and emits toxic gases at room temperature and pressure, and store it after stabilizing it; If it cannot be stored stably, it shall be stored as explosive or flammable dangerous goods.

　　《固废法》第一百一十二条：擅自倾倒、堆放危险废物的，由生态环境主管部门责令改正，处所需处置费用三倍以上五倍以下的罚款，所需处置费用不足二十万元的，按二十万元计算，没收违法所得；情节严重的，报经有批准权的人民政府批准，可以责令停业或者关闭。未按照国家环境保护标准贮存、利用、处置危险废物或者将危险废物混入非危险废物中贮存的，由生态环境主管部门责令改正，处十万元以上一百万元以下的罚款，没收违法所得；情节严重的，报经有批准权的人民政府批准，可以责令停业或者关闭。

　　Article 112 of the Solid Waste Law: Those who dump or pile up hazardous waste without authorization shall be ordered to rectify by the competent ecological and environmental department, and shall be fined three to five times the required disposal costs. If the required disposal costs are less than 200000 yuan, the illegal gains shall be confiscated based on 200000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, with the approval of the people's government with approval authority, it may be ordered to suspend business or close down. Those who fail to store, utilize, or dispose of hazardous waste in accordance with national environmental protection standards, or mix hazardous waste with non hazardous waste for storage, shall be ordered to make corrections by the competent department of ecological environment, fined not less than 100000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan, and have their illegal gains confiscated; If the circumstances are serious, with the approval of the people's government with approval authority, it may be ordered to suspend business or close down.

　　《建设项目环境保护管理条例》(2017年修订版)第二十三条：违反本条例规定，需要配套建设的环境保护设施未建成、未经验收或者验收不合格，建设项目即投入生产或者使用，或者在环境保护设施验收中弄虚作假的，由县级以上环境保护行政主管部门责令限期改正，处20万元以上100万元以下的罚款；逾期不改正的，处100万元以上200万元以下的罚款；对直接负责的主管人员和其他责任人员，处5万元以上20万元以下的罚款；造成重大环境污染或者生态破坏的，责令停止生产或者使用，或者报经有批准权的人民政府批准，责令关闭。

　　Article 23 of the Regulations on the Management of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (Revised in 2017): In violation of the provisions of this Regulation, if the environmental protection facilities that need to be built as supporting facilities are not completed, have not been inspected, or have been inspected and found to be unqualified, and the construction project is put into production or use, or if there is fraud during the inspection of environmental protection facilities, the environmental protection administrative department at or above the county level shall order rectification within a specified time limit and impose a fine of not less than 200000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan; Those who fail to make corrections within the prescribed time limit shall be fined not less than 1 million yuan but not more than 2 million yuan; Impose a fine of no less than 50000 yuan and no more than 200000 yuan on the directly responsible supervisors and other responsible personnel; Those who cause significant environmental pollution or ecological damage shall be ordered to stop production or use, or shall be ordered to close down with the approval of the competent people's government.

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