危废暂存库相关标准规范

　　Standard specifications for hazardous waste temporary storage warehouses

　　标准：危险废物贮存间的建设标准执行----《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》（GB18597-2023）。

　　Standard: The construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms shall comply with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　　规范：危废收集、贮存涉及的规范----《危险废物收集贮存运输技术规范》（HJ2025-2012）。

　　Specification: The technical specifications for the collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste (HJ2025-2012).

　　指南：涉及危险废物的环评内容评价指南----《建设项目危险废物环境影响评价指南》

　　Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects - Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects

　　贮存设施的建设要求根据危险废物的特性和贮存形式，贮存设施分为贮存库、贮存场、贮存池、贮存罐区和贮存点五类，每类都要满足特定的污染控制要求：

　　The construction requirements for storage facilities are based on the characteristics and storage forms of hazardous waste. Storage facilities are divided into five categories: storage warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, storage tank areas, and storage points. Each category must meet specific pollution control requirements:

　　贮存库（仓库式的贮存设施，适合多种类、多形态的危废）不同的贮存分区之间要采取隔离措施，可以用过道、隔板或者隔墙，避免混存的风险。如果贮存液态危废或者可能产生渗滤液的危废，一定要配备液体泄漏堵截设施和渗滤液收集设施。其中，泄漏堵截设施的最小容积，要选对应区域最大液态废物容器容积和液态废物总储量 1/10 里更大的那个；渗滤液收集设施的容积要能满足实际收集需要。对于容易产生粉尘、挥发性有机物（VOCs）、酸雾等有害气体的危废，贮存库要安装气体收集装置和净化设施，排气筒高度要符合《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297-1996）。

　　Storage facilities (warehouse style storage facilities suitable for various types and forms of hazardous waste) should adopt isolation measures between different storage zones, such as corridors, partitions, or walls, to avoid the risk of mixed storage. If storing liquid hazardous waste or hazardous waste that may generate leachate, it is necessary to equip with liquid leakage interception facilities and leachate collection facilities. Among them, the minimum volume of the leakage interception facility should be selected based on the larger of the maximum liquid waste container volume in the corresponding area and 1/10 mile of the total liquid waste storage capacity; The volume of the leachate collection facility should be able to meet the actual collection needs. For hazardous waste that is prone to generate harmful gases such as dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, etc., gas collection devices and purification facilities should be installed in the storage facility, and the height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

　　2.贮存场（半开放式的设施，有顶棚，适合大量低挥发的危废）要设置径流疏导系统，保证能挡住当地重现期不小于 25 年的暴雨，防止雨水流进贮存区或者冲淋到危废。可以整体或者分区设计液体导流和收集设施，设施容积要能在最不利的情况下装下对应贮存区域产生的渗滤液、废水等液态物质。要采取措施防止危废扬散、流失；如果危废直接接触地面，基础必须做防渗处理：可以用至少 1 米厚的黏土层（渗透系数不大于 10??cm/s），或者至少 2 毫米厚的高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防渗材料（渗透系数不大于 10???cm/s），也可以用其他防渗性能差不多的材料。

　　2. The storage yard (semi open facility, with ceiling, suitable for a large number of low volatile hazardous wastes) shall be equipped with a runoff diversion system to ensure that it can block the local rainstorm with a recurrence period of not less than 25 years and prevent rainwater from flowing into the storage area or washing hazardous wastes. Liquid diversion and collection facilities can be designed as a whole or in zones, with a capacity that can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions. Measures should be taken to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste; If hazardous waste comes into direct contact with the ground, the foundation must be treated with anti-seepage measures: at least 1 meter thick clay layer (with a permeability coefficient not greater than 10 cm/s), or at least 2 millimeters thick high-density polyethylene film or other artificial anti-seepage materials (with a permeability coefficient not greater than 10 cm/s) can be used, or other materials with similar anti-seepage performance can be used.

　　3.贮存池（池体形式的设施，有顶棚或者在室内，适合单一类别的液态或半固态危废）防渗层要覆盖整个池体，还要延伸到基础，确保不会渗漏。要采取措施防止雨水、地面径流进入，能挡住重现期不小于 25 年的暴雨。要减少大气污染物的无组织排放，有必要的话要配备废气治理设施。

　　3. The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank (a facility in the form of a tank with a roof or indoors, suitable for a single type of liquid or semi-solid hazardous waste) should cover the entire tank and extend to the foundation to ensure that there is no leakage. Measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater and surface runoff from entering, which can block the rainstorm with a return period of no less than 25 years. To reduce the unorganized emissions of air pollutants, it is necessary to equip waste gas treatment facilities if necessary.

　　4.贮存罐区（固定式的设施，由罐体和相关辅助设备、防护系统组成，适合液态危废）罐体必须放在围堰里，围堰要能满足防渗、防腐的性能要求。围堰的容积至少要能装下区内最大贮存罐意外泄漏时的全部危废量。围堰里收集的废液、废水和初期雨水要及时处理，不能直接排放。贮存设施管理?①贮存场所地面须硬化处理，用以存放装载液体、半固体危险废物容器的地方，必须有耐腐蚀的硬化地面，并涂至少 2mm 密度高的环氧树脂，且表面无裂隙。

　　4. The storage tank area (a fixed facility consisting of tanks, related auxiliary equipment, and protective systems, suitable for liquid hazardous waste) must place the tanks in a cofferdam that can meet the performance requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion. The volume of the cofferdam should be able to accommodate at least the entire amount of hazardous waste in case of accidental leakage from the largest storage tank in the area. The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and cannot be directly discharged. Storage facility management? ① The ground of the storage site must be hardened. The area used to store containers containing liquid and semi-solid hazardous waste must have a corrosion-resistant hardened ground, coated with at least 2mm high-density epoxy resin, and have no cracks on the surface.

　　②存放固态半固态物料可设置收料托盘，用于收集泄漏物料。③仓库内应设置防泄漏收集导流沟渠，导流沟连接至收集池内。④仓库内应设置防泄漏收集池，收集池容积不低于最大容器的最大量或储量的五分之一。⑤危险废物仓库内及出入口处需设置监控系统。⑥危险废物仓库内应设置安全照明，灯具，线路设施，设置需满足防爆要求。

　　② Storage of solid and semi-solid materials can be equipped with a receiving tray for collecting leaked materials. ③ Anti leakage collection and diversion channels should be set up in the warehouse, and the diversion channels should be connected to the collection pool. ④ An anti leakage collection pool should be installed in the warehouse, with a capacity not less than one-fifth of the maximum capacity or storage capacity of the largest container. ⑤ A monitoring system should be installed inside the hazardous waste warehouse and at the entrances and exits. ⑥ Safety lighting, lamps, and wiring facilities should be installed in the hazardous waste warehouse to meet explosion-proof requirements.

　　⑦按照规范要求张贴或悬挂危废二维码标签。⑧仓库内配备与环境事故风险相对应的应急物资。⑨不同规格的空包装桶、容器放在卡板上，应堆叠整齐，用拉伸缠绕膜围紧实，贴上危废二维码标签。⑩易产生粉尘、VOCs、酸雾、有毒有害大气污染物和刺激性气味气体的危险废物应装入闭口容器或包装物内贮存。贮存设施产生的废气（含无组织废气）的排放应符合 GB 16297 和 GB 37822 规定的要求。?建立危险废物贮存台账，并如实和规范记录危险废物贮存情况。危险废物标签设置规范危险废物标签是附着于危险废物容器或包装物上的信息载体，用于向操作人员、监管者及应急处置人员传递废物的理化特性、危害属性及管理责任信息，从而警示环境风险并指导安全操作。内容要素废物名称、类别代码（依据《国家危险废物名录》）危险特性标识（如腐蚀性、毒性、易燃性、反应性）主要/有害成分、产生单位及联系人数字识别码（唯一追溯编码）及二维码（信息化管理载体）产生日期与重量设置要求位置：需在容器明显可见处（箱类在端面/侧面、桶类在桶身/桶盖、袋类在表面），避免被遮挡或污染；尺寸：按容积分级（≤50L用100×100mm、＞50~≤450L用150×150mm、＞450L用200×200mm）；材质：需防水耐用（如不干胶覆膜或塑封处理）特殊情形：无包装废物需设置柱式标志牌替代标签

　　⑦ Post or hang hazardous waste QR code labels in accordance with regulatory requirements. ⑧ The warehouse is equipped with emergency supplies that correspond to the risk of environmental accidents. ⑨ Empty packaging drums and containers of different specifications should be stacked neatly on pallets, tightly wrapped with stretch wrap, and labeled with hazardous waste QR codes. ⑩ Easy to generate dust VOCs、 Hazardous waste such as acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, and irritating odor gases should be stored in closed containers or packaging materials. The emission of waste gas (including unorganized waste gas) generated by storage facilities shall comply with the requirements of GB 16297 and GB 37822.? Establish a hazardous waste storage ledger and truthfully and standardly record the storage of hazardous waste. Regulations for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Labels Hazardous waste labels are information carriers attached to hazardous waste containers or packaging materials, used to convey the physical and chemical properties, hazard attributes, and management responsibility information of waste to operators, regulators, and emergency response personnel, thereby warning environmental risks and guiding safe operations. Content elements include waste name, category code (based on the National Hazardous Waste List), hazardous characteristic identification (such as corrosiveness, toxicity, flammability, reactivity), main/harmful components, production unit and contact person digital identification code (unique traceability code), and QR code (information management carrier). The required location for setting the production date and weight should be in a clearly visible place on the container (boxes on the end face/side, barrels on the barrel body/lid, bags on the surface), to avoid obstruction or contamination; Size: Classified by volume (100 × 100mm for ≤ 50L, 150 × 150mm for ＞ 50~≤ 450L, and 200 × 200mm for ＞ 450L); Material: Waterproof and durable (such as self-adhesive film or plastic sealing treatment). Special circumstances: Unpackaged waste requires column type signs instead of labels

　　危险废物贮存分区标志设置规范标志设置于贮存设施内部，以平面分布图形式展示分区布局、废物类别、应急物资位置及进出口方向，实现危险废物分类贮存的可视化管理

　　Standard for Setting up Hazardous Waste Storage Zoning Signs: Signs should be placed inside storage facilities to display zoning layout, waste categories, emergency material locations, and import and export directions in the form of a flat distribution map, achieving visual management of hazardous waste classification and storage

　　制作要求：标志背景颜色采用黄色(RGB255,255,0)，橙色(RGB 255,150,0)，字体采用黑体字。“危险废物贮存分区标志”字样加粗放大并居中显示。尺寸要求如下图

　　Production requirements: The background color of the logo should be yellow (RGB255255.0), orange (RGB 255150,0), and the font should be in bold. The words "Hazardous Waste Storage Zone Sign" are bolded, enlarged, and displayed in the center. The size requirements are shown in the following figure

　　设置细则分区划分：依据废物类别、形态及相容性，避免不相容废物混存；位置要求：每个分区入口处的通道、墙壁或栏杆等易观察位置；尺寸规范：按观察距离确定（≤2.5m用300×300mm、＞2.5~4m用450×450mm、＞4m用600×600mm）；更新机制：随贮存废物种类变化动态调整标志内容

　　Setting up detailed zoning rules: based on the type, form, and compatibility of waste, avoid mixing incompatible waste; Location requirements: easy to observe locations such as passages, walls, or railings at the entrance of each partition; Dimensional specifications: determined by observation distance (300 × 300mm for ≤ 2.5m, 450 × 450mm for ＞ 2.5-4m, 600 × 600mm for ＞ 4m); Update mechanism: dynamically adjust the content of the flag according to changes in the type of stored waste

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