医疗废物是指医疗卫生机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接或间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物。根据《国家危险废物名录（2025年版）》，医疗废物属于危险废物。医疗危废暂存库是医疗废物在产生、收集和非常终处置之间的临时贮存场所，是防止医疗废物造成二次污染和疾病传播的“非常后一道防线”。

Medical waste refers to the waste generated by medical and health institutions in medical, preventive, healthcare, and other related activities that has direct or indirect infectivity, toxicity, and other hazards. According to the National Hazardous Waste List (2025 Edition), medical waste is classified as hazardous waste. Medical hazardous waste temporary storage is a temporary storage site for medical waste between generation, collection, and final disposal. It is the "last line of defense" to prevent secondary pollution and disease transmission caused by medical waste.

医疗危废暂存库的建设有着严格的规范要求。根据《医疗废物管理条例》，医疗卫生机构建立的医疗废物暂时贮存设施、设备应当达到以下要求：一是选址要求——应当远离医疗区、食品加工区、人员活动区和生活垃圾存放场所，方便医疗废物运送人员及运送工具、车辆的出入；二是安全措施——应设置明显的警示标识和防渗漏、防鼠、防蚊蝇、防蟑螂、防盗以及预防儿童接触等安全措施；三是分类存放——医疗卫生机构应当及时收集本单位产生的医疗废物，并按照类别分置于防渗漏的容器中；四是“四防”要求——危险废物暂存需做到防风、防雨、防晒、防渗漏。

The construction of medical hazardous waste temporary storage facilities has strict regulatory requirements. According to the Regulations on the Management of Medical Waste, temporary storage facilities and equipment for medical waste established by medical and health institutions should meet the following requirements: firstly, site selection requirements - they should be far away from medical areas, food processing areas, personnel activity areas, and domestic waste storage sites, to facilitate the entry and exit of medical waste transportation personnel, transportation tools, and vehicles; The second is safety measures - clear warning signs and safety measures such as leakage prevention, rodent prevention, mosquito and fly prevention, cockroach prevention, theft prevention, and prevention of child contact should be set up; Thirdly, classified storage - medical and health institutions should promptly collect medical waste generated by their own units and place it in leak proof containers according to categories; The fourth requirement is the "four preventions" - the temporary storage of hazardous waste must be windproof, rainproof, sun proof, and leak proof.

在标准体系建设方面，医疗危废暂存库的规范化建设正获得越来越多的关注。辽宁省已发布《医疗机构医疗废物暂存间设计规范》（DB21/T 4178-2025），自2025年9月30日起实施，这是全国较早出台的省级医疗废物暂存间设计规范。该文件规定了医疗机构医疗废物暂存间选址要求、设计要求、建筑要求、设施设备要求。此外，医疗废物暂时贮存柜（箱）建议与生活垃圾存放地分开，并有防雨淋、防扬散措施，同时符合消防安全要求。医疗废物的暂存设施还应配备消毒设施，定期对暂存场所和转运工具进行消毒处理。危险废物暂存间外墙及墙面设置贮存设施警示标志牌，按照《医疗废物专用包装袋、容器和警示标志标准》（HJ421-2008）要求，各医疗危废周转箱上设有警示标志。一个规范建设的医疗危废暂存库，是防止医疗废物造成环境污染和疾病传播的基础保障。

In terms of standard system construction, the standardized construction of medical hazardous waste temporary storage warehouses is receiving increasing attention. Liaoning Province has released the "Design Specification for Medical Waste Storage Rooms in Medical Institutions" (DB21/T 4178-2025), which will be implemented from September 30, 2025. This is the earliest provincial-level design specification for medical waste storage rooms in China. This document specifies the site selection requirements, design requirements, building requirements, and facility equipment requirements for medical waste temporary storage rooms in medical institutions. In addition, temporary storage cabinets (boxes) for medical waste must be separated from the storage area for household waste, and have measures to prevent rain and scattering, while meeting fire safety requirements. The temporary storage facilities for medical waste should also be equipped with disinfection facilities, and the temporary storage site and transportation tools should be disinfected regularly. Warning signs for storage facilities shall be installed on the exterior walls and walls of the hazardous waste temporary storage room. In accordance with the requirements of the "Standard for Special Packaging Bags, Containers and Warning Signs for Medical Waste" (HJ421-2008), warning signs shall be installed on each medical hazardous waste turnover box. A standardized medical hazardous waste storage facility is the fundamental guarantee for preventing environmental pollution and disease transmission caused by medical waste.

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