危废暂存间怎么建？这份标准清单+建设指南请收好！

　　How to build a hazardous waste storage room? Please keep this standard checklist and construction guide safe!

　　危险废物的规范化管理是企业环保工作的重中之重，而贮存设施的建设更是基础中的基础。无论是新建、改建还是扩建危废贮存间，必须严格遵守国家相关标准规范。今天，我们整理了危废贮存相关的核心文件及详细建设要求，建议收藏备用！

　　The standardized management of hazardous waste is of paramount importance in the environmental protection work of enterprises, and the construction of storage facilities is even more fundamental. Whether it is the construction, renovation, or expansion of hazardous waste storage facilities, it is necessary to strictly comply with relevant national standards and regulations. Today, we have compiled the core documents and detailed construction requirements related to hazardous waste storage. It is recommended to keep them for future use!

　　01核心文件速览在开始建设前，首先需要熟悉以下国家标准和技术规范：

　　Before starting construction, it is necessary to familiarize oneself with the following national standards and technical specifications:

　　建设标准《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》GB18597-2023

　　Construction standard "Pollution Control Standard for Hazardous Waste Storage" GB18597-2023

　　标识规范《危险废物识别标志设置技术规范》HJ12762022

　　Identification Specification for Hazardous Waste Identification Signs HJ12762022

　　技术规范《危险废物收集贮存运输技术规范》HJ2025-2012

　　Technical Specification for Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste HJ2025-2012

　　评价指南《建设项目危险废物环境影响评价指南》

　　Evaluation Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects

　　02总体建设要求（7大要点）1 污染防治措施必须到位贮存设施应根据危险废物的形态、物理化学性质、包装形式和污染物迁移途径，采取必要的： 防风、防晒、防雨 防漏、防渗、防腐 其他环境污染防治措施 重要提醒：严禁露天堆放危险废物！

　　02 Overall construction requirements (7 key points) 1. Pollution prevention and control measures must be in place. Storage facilities should adopt necessary environmental pollution prevention and control measures based on the form, physical and chemical properties, packaging form, and pollutant migration path of hazardous waste, including windproof, sun proof, rain proof, leak proof, anti-seepage, and anti-corrosion. Important reminder: It is strictly prohibited to stack hazardous waste outdoors!

　　2 分区存放，不相容废物严格隔离根据危险废物的类别、数量、形态、物理化学性质等设置合理的贮存分区不相容（相互反应）的危险废物必须分开存放设置不渗透隔挡墙间隔：挡墙高度不低于墙面裙角废物堆叠高度不超过挡墙高度目的：避免不相容废物接触、混合引发安全事故

　　2-zone storage, strict isolation of incompatible waste. Reasonable storage zones should be set according to the category, quantity, form, physical and chemical properties of hazardous waste. Incompatible (reactive) hazardous waste must be stored separately with impermeable barriers. The barrier height should not be lower than the wall skirt corner, and the stacking height of waste should not exceed the barrier height. The purpose is to avoid contact and mixing of incompatible waste, which may cause safety accidents

　　3 建筑材料要求严格贮存设施或贮存分区内的以下部位必须采用坚固材料建造，表面无裂缝：地面墙面裙脚堵截泄漏的围堰接触危险废物的隔板和墙体

　　3. Strict requirements for building materials: The following parts within the storage facilities or storage zones must be constructed with sturdy materials and have no cracks on the surface: the ground, walls, skirts, and feet that block leaks, cofferdams that come into contact with hazardous waste partitions and walls

　　4 防渗要求分级明确表面防渗：地面与裙脚应采取表面防渗措施防渗材料应与所接触的物料或污染物相容可选材料：抗渗混凝土、高密度聚乙烯膜、钠基膨润土防水毯或其他等效材料

　　4. Classification of anti-seepage requirements: Surface anti-seepage measures should be taken for the ground and skirt feet. The anti-seepage materials should be compatible with the materials or pollutants in contact. Optional materials include anti-seepage concrete, high-density polyethylene film, sodium based bentonite waterproof blanket, or other equivalent materials

　　基础防渗（危险废物直接接触地面时）：防渗层为至少1米厚黏土层（渗透系数≤10 cm/s）或至少2mm厚高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防渗材料（渗透系数≤10 cm/s）或其他防渗性能等效的材料

　　Basic anti-seepage (when hazardous waste comes into direct contact with the ground): The anti-seepage layer is at least 1 meter thick clay layer (permeability coefficient ≤ 10 cm/s) or artificial anti-seepage materials such as at least 2mm thick high-density polyethylene film (permeability coefficient ≤ 10 cm/s) or other materials with equivalent anti-seepage performance

　　重点检查：地面防渗漏层不得存在破损或开裂！

　　Key inspection: The ground anti-seepage layer must not have any damage or cracking!

　　5 防渗防腐工艺一致性要求同一贮存设施宜采用相同的防渗、防腐工艺防渗、防腐材料应覆盖所有可能与废物及其渗滤液、渗漏液等接触的构筑物表面采用不同工艺的，应分别建设贮存分区

　　5. Consistency requirements for anti-seepage and anti-corrosion processes: The same storage facility should use the same anti-seepage and anti-corrosion process. The anti-seepage and anti-corrosion materials should cover all surfaces of structures that may come into contact with waste, leachate, and other liquids. If different processes are used, storage zones should be constructed separately

　　6 标识标牌规范设置危险废物贮存设施门上必须张贴：规范的危险废物警示标识周知卡（含废物名称、数量、特性、应急措施等信息）

　　6. Standard hazardous waste storage facility doors must be posted with standardized hazardous waste warning signs and information cards (including waste name, quantity, characteristics, emergency measures, etc.)

　　7 排水系统特殊要求不得连接市政雨污水管网贮存设施内清理出来的泄漏物→按危险废物处理冲洗废水→必须纳入企业废水处理设施，经处理达标后方可排放

　　7. Special requirements for drainage system: Do not connect to municipal rainwater and sewage pipeline storage facilities. Leaks cleared from the storage facilities must be treated as hazardous waste and flushed. The wastewater must be included in the enterprise's wastewater treatment facilities and can only be discharged after being treated to meet standards

　　03贮存库建设要求（5大细化标准）1 分区隔离措施贮存库内不同贮存分区之间应采取隔离措施，可采用：过道隔板隔墙要求：接触危险废物的隔板和墙体等应采用坚固材料建造，表面无裂缝

　　03 Storage Warehouse Construction Requirements (5 Detailed Standards) 1. Partition Isolation Measures: Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones in the storage warehouse, which can include: aisle partition walls. Requirements for partition walls: partitions and walls that come into contact with hazardous waste should be constructed with sturdy materials and have no cracks on the surface

　　2 液体废物贮存要求（关键！）设置导流槽及收集池：适用于：贮存液态危险废物，或通过贮存分区方式贮存液态废物收集池最小容积 ≥二者取较大值：对应贮存区域最大液态废物容器容积液态废物总储量的1/10

　　2. Storage requirements for liquid waste (key!): Install diversion channels and collection tanks: suitable for storing liquid hazardous waste, or storing liquid waste through storage zoning. The minimum volume of the collection tank is ≥ the larger of the two: 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity corresponding to the maximum liquid waste container volume in the storage area

　　渗滤液收集设施：适用于：贮存可能产生渗滤液的危险废物要求：收集设施容积应满足渗滤液收集需要

　　Leachate collection facility: Suitable for storing hazardous waste that may produce leachate. Requirements: The volume of the collection facility should meet the needs of leachate collection

　　3 废气收集处理要求适用情形：贮存易产生以下污染物的危险废物：粉尘VOCs（挥发性有机物）酸雾有毒有害大气污染物刺激性气味气体

　　3. Requirements for exhaust gas collection and treatment Applicable situations: Storage of hazardous waste that is prone to produce the following pollutants: dust, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), acid mist, toxic and harmful air pollutants, irritating odor gases

　　设施要求：设置气体收集装置设置气体净化设施排气筒高度应符合环评要求需有废气监测报告

　　Facility requirements: Install gas collection devices and gas purification facilities. The height of the exhaust pipe should comply with environmental impact assessment requirements and require a waste gas monitoring report

　　4 易燃易爆废物贮存要求贮存易燃易爆危险废物的贮存库应配置：有机气体报警装置火灾报警装置静电接地装置

　　Storage requirements for flammable and explosive waste: Storage facilities for flammable and explosive hazardous waste should be equipped with organic gas alarm devices, fire alarm devices, and electrostatic grounding devices

　　5 废弃危化品/剧毒品贮存要求特殊管理措施：设置防盗措施双钥匙封闭式管理专人24小时看管

　　5. Storage Requirements for Waste Hazardous Chemicals/Highly Toxic Chemicals Special Management Measures: Set up anti-theft measures Double key enclosed management with dedicated personnel for 24-hour supervision

　　04其他设施建设要求 贮存场（半开放式）具有顶棚的半开放式贮存设施设置液体导流和收集设施防止危险废物扬散、流失设置径流疏导系统，防止雨水冲淋

　　04 Other facility construction requirements: Storage site (semi open) with a roof. Semi open storage facilities with a roof should be equipped with liquid diversion and collection facilities to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste. A runoff diversion system should be set up to prevent rainwater from washing over

　　贮存池防渗层覆盖整个池体位于室内或具有顶棚（盖）采取措施防止雨水、地表径流等流入采取措施减少大气污染物的无组织排放

　　The anti-seepage layer of the storage tank covers the entire tank body, which is located indoors or has a ceiling (cover). Measures are taken to prevent rainwater, surface runoff, etc. from flowing in, and measures are taken to reduce the unorganized discharge of atmospheric pollutants

　　贮存罐区设置在围堰内，且容积满足要求落实防渗、防腐措施及时处理收集的废液、废水和初期雨水

　　The storage tank area is set up inside the cofferdam, and the volume meets the requirements. Anti leakage and anti-corrosion measures are implemented to timely treat the collected waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater

　　05危险废物识别标志制度要求识别标志的设置涉及多个方面，具体应严格执行 《危险废物识别标志设置技术规范》（HJ 1276—2022）：

　　The 05 Hazardous Waste Identification Mark System requires the setting of identification marks to involve multiple aspects, which should be strictly implemented in accordance with the Technical Specifications for the Setting of Hazardous Waste Identification Marks (HJ 1276-2022):

　　标签标志示例：

　　Example of label symbol:

　　危险特性：腐蚀性（C）、毒性（T）、易燃性（I）、反应性（R）、感染性（In）。06附着式危险废物贮存分区标志设置示意图07危险废物贮存分区标志08危废贮存相关文件标准：危险废物贮存间的建设标准执行----《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》（GB18597-2023）。

　　Hazardous characteristics: corrosive (C), toxic (T), flammable (I), reactive (R), infectious (In). 06 Schematic diagram for setting zoning signs for attached hazardous waste storage 07 Hazardous waste storage zoning signs 08 Hazardous waste storage related document standards: Construction standards for hazardous waste storage rooms shall be implemented in accordance with the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023).

　　规范：危废标志的规范-----《危险废物识别标志设置技术规范》（HJ 1276—2022）；危废收集、贮存涉及的规范-----《危险废物收集贮存运输技术规范》（HJ2025-2012）。

　　Specification: Specification for Hazardous Waste Identification Signs - Technical Specification for Setting Hazardous Waste Identification Signs (HJ 1276-2022); The regulations involved in the collection, storage, and transportation of hazardous waste - Technical Specifications for the Collection, Storage, and Transportation of Hazardous Waste (HJ2025-2012).

　　指南：涉及危险废物的环评内容评价指南-----《建设项目危险废物环境影响评价指南》。09危险废物贮存、利用、处置设施标志

　　Guidelines: Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects - "Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hazardous Waste in Construction Projects". 09 Signs for hazardous waste storage, utilization, and disposal facilities

　　10实用提醒及时关注标准更新：GB18597-2023是最新版本，替代了旧版标准，建设时务必采用最新版本因地制宜：以上为通用要求，具体建设时还需结合企业实际产生的危废特性、数量、当地环保部门具体要求进行设计验收把关：建设完成后，需经环保验收合格方可投入使用日常维护：定期检查防渗层、收集池、废气处理设施等是否完好，确保设施长期有效运行人员培训：操作人员应熟悉危废特性、应急处理措施，掌握设施操作方法】

　　10 practical reminders to pay attention to standard updates in a timely manner: GB18597-2023 is the latest version, replacing the old version of the standard. During construction, it is necessary to adopt the latest version according to local conditions. The above are general requirements, and specific construction needs to be based on the characteristics and quantity of hazardous waste generated by the enterprise, as well as the specific requirements of the local environmental protection department for design acceptance. After the construction is completed, it must pass the environmental protection acceptance before it can be put into use. Daily maintenance: Regularly check whether the anti-seepage layer, collection tank, exhaust gas treatment facilities, etc. are in good condition to ensure long-term effective operation of the facilities. Personnel training: Operators should be familiar with the characteristics of hazardous waste, emergency treatment measures, and master the operation methods of the facilities

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