在工业生产与社会生活的各个角落，危险废物如潜藏的 “定时炸弹”，若处置不当将对环境和人类健康造成巨大威胁。而危废暂存间就像守护安全的 “堡垒”，其核心配置直接决定能否将危险废物妥善管控。这些配置环环相扣，共同构筑起危险废物暂存的安全防线，下面就带你一探究竟。

　　In every corner of industrial production and social life, hazardous waste, like hidden "time bombs," can pose a huge threat to the environment and human health if not disposed of properly. The hazardous waste temporary storage room is like a "fortress" guarding safety, and its core configuration directly determines whether hazardous waste can be properly controlled. These configurations are interrelated and jointly build a safety defense line for the temporary storage of hazardous waste. Let's explore it for you below.

　　地面与墙面的防护是危废暂存间的基础配置，也是防止危废泄漏污染的第一道屏障。地面通常采用坚固的混凝土浇筑，确保具备足够的承载能力，能够承受装满危废的容器和搬运设备的重量。在此基础上，还需进行防渗处理，常见做法是铺设高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）膜等防渗材料，这种材料犹如一层致密的 “盾牌”，阻止危废中的有害成分渗入地下土壤和水体。墙面同样不容忽视，一般会涂刷耐腐蚀的涂料，避免危废挥发的有害气体或泄漏液体对墙体造成侵蚀，延长暂存间使用寿命，同时防止墙体受损后污染物扩散。

　　The protection of the ground and walls is the basic configuration of the hazardous waste temporary storage room, and also the first barrier to prevent hazardous waste leakage and pollution. The ground is usually poured with sturdy concrete to ensure sufficient load-bearing capacity to withstand the weight of containers and handling equipment filled with hazardous waste. On this basis, anti-seepage treatment is also necessary. The common method is to lay anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film, which acts as a dense "shield" to prevent harmful components in hazardous waste from infiltrating underground soil and water bodies. The wall should not be ignored either. Generally, corrosion-resistant coatings are applied to prevent harmful gases or leaked liquids from hazardous waste from corroding the wall, extending the service life of the temporary storage room, and preventing the spread of pollutants after the wall is damaged.

　　危废暂存间内的贮存容器配置关乎危废存放的安全性。不同类型的危险废物需要匹配相应的容器，例如液态危废适合用密封性能良好的塑料桶或钢制容器贮存，这些容器必须具备防漏、防腐特性，桶口或罐口有可靠的密封装置，防止液体挥发或泄漏。固态危废则可采用有盖的周转箱存放，箱体材质要能抵御危废的物理、化学作用。所有贮存容器都应清晰标注危废名称、类别、危害特性等信息，方便识别与管理，避免因误操作引发危险。同时，容器放置时要保持一定间距，便于日常检查、搬运和应急处理。

　　The configuration of storage containers in the hazardous waste temporary storage room is related to the safety of hazardous waste storage. Different types of hazardous waste need to be matched with corresponding containers. For example, liquid hazardous waste is suitable for storage in plastic barrels or steel containers with good sealing performance. These containers must have leak proof and anti-corrosion characteristics, and the barrel or tank mouth must have reliable sealing devices to prevent liquid evaporation or leakage. Solid hazardous waste can be stored in covered turnover boxes, and the material of the box should be able to resist the physical and chemical effects of hazardous waste. All storage containers should be clearly labeled with hazardous waste names, categories, hazard characteristics, and other information for easy identification and management, to avoid danger caused by misoperation. At the same time, containers should be placed at a certain distance to facilitate daily inspection, handling, and emergency response.

　　通风与消防设施是危废暂存间保障安全的关键配置。由于危废可能挥发有毒有害气体，良好的通风系统必不可少。机械通风装置通常会安装在暂存间顶部或侧面，通过定时运行或根据有害气体浓度自动启动，将室内空气排出并引入新鲜空气，降低有害气体浓度，保障工作人员安全。消防设施更是重中之重，根据危废的火灾危险性，配备足够数量且适用的灭火器，如干粉灭火器、二氧化碳灭火器等，用于扑灭初期火灾。此外，还需设置消防沙箱、灭火毯等辅助消防器材，在火势较小时进行应急处置。同时，安装火灾报警装置，一旦发生火情，能及时发出警报，通知相关人员采取措施。

　　Ventilation and fire-fighting facilities are key configurations for ensuring safety in hazardous waste temporary storage rooms. Due to the potential volatilization of toxic and harmful gases from hazardous waste, a good ventilation system is essential. Mechanical ventilation devices are usually installed on the top or side of temporary storage rooms. They operate at regular intervals or automatically start based on the concentration of harmful gases to exhaust indoor air and introduce fresh air, reducing the concentration of harmful gases and ensuring the safety of workers. Firefighting facilities are of utmost importance. According to the fire hazard of hazardous waste, sufficient and suitable fire extinguishers such as dry powder fire extinguishers and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be equipped to extinguish initial fires. In addition, auxiliary fire-fighting equipment such as fire sandboxes and fire blankets need to be installed for emergency response when the fire is small. At the same time, install fire alarm devices that can promptly sound an alarm and notify relevant personnel to take measures in case of a fire.

　　危废暂存间的防渗围堰和收集设施是应对泄漏事故的重要配置。在暂存间内部，会围绕贮存区域设置一定高度的防渗围堰，其高度和容积经过精确计算，确保当容器发生泄漏时，能够容纳全部泄漏的危废，防止污染物扩散到暂存间外。围堰同样要进行防渗处理，与地面防渗层紧密结合。此外，还会配备泄漏应急收集工具，如吸附棉、收集桶等。吸附棉能够迅速吸附泄漏的液态危废，防止其四处流淌；收集桶则用于盛装收集起来的危废，以便后续安全处置。

　　The anti-seepage cofferdam and collection facilities in the hazardous waste temporary storage room are important configurations for dealing with leakage accidents. Inside the temporary storage room, a certain height of anti-seepage cofferdam will be set up around the storage area. Its height and volume are accurately calculated to ensure that when the container leaks, it can accommodate all the leaked hazardous waste and prevent pollutants from spreading outside the temporary storage room. The cofferdam also needs to undergo anti-seepage treatment and be closely integrated with the ground anti-seepage layer. In addition, emergency leak collection tools such as absorbent cotton and collection buckets will be equipped. Adsorption cotton can quickly absorb leaked liquid hazardous waste and prevent it from flowing around; The collection bucket is used to hold the collected hazardous waste for safe disposal in the future.

　　监控与标识系统是危废暂存间实现规范化管理的必要配置。安装高清监控摄像头，对暂存间内部及周边区域进行 24 小时不间断监控，实时记录危废的出入库情况、贮存状态等信息，便于追溯和管理，也能及时发现异常情况。同时，在暂存间醒目位置设置清晰、规范的标识牌，标明 “危险废物暂存间” 字样，以及危废的种类、注意事项、应急联系方式等内容，提醒工作人员和外来人员注意安全。内部还会设置分区标识，对不同类别的危废贮存区域进行划分，确保分类存放，便于管理和处置。

　　The monitoring and identification system is a necessary configuration for standardized management of hazardous waste storage rooms. Install high-definition surveillance cameras to continuously monitor the internal and surrounding areas of the temporary storage room 24 hours a day, recording real-time information on the inflow and outflow of hazardous waste, storage status, etc., for easy traceability and management, and to detect abnormal situations in a timely manner. At the same time, clear and standardized signs should be prominently placed in the temporary storage room, indicating the words "hazardous waste temporary storage room", as well as the types of hazardous waste, precautions, emergency contact information, etc., to remind staff and external personnel to pay attention to safety. Internally, partition labels will also be set up to divide hazardous waste storage areas into different categories, ensuring classified storage and facilitating management and disposal.

　　每一项核心配置都在危废暂存间中扮演着不可或缺的角色，从基础防护到应急处置，从安全保障到规范管理，共同编织起一张严密的安全网络。只有充分认识并落实这些核心配置，才能让危废暂存间真正成为危险废物的 “安全港湾”，守护环境与生命的安全防线。

　　Each core configuration plays an indispensable role in the hazardous waste storage room, weaving together a tight security network from basic protection to emergency response, from safety assurance to standardized management. Only by fully understanding and implementing these core configurations can the hazardous waste storage room truly become a "safe harbor" for hazardous waste, safeguarding the safety of the environment and life.

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